An interactive game for training reasoning about paper folding
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An interactive game for training reasoning about paper folding Zoe Falomir1,2
· Ruben Tarin1,2 · Aurelio Puerta1,2 · Pablo Garcia-Segarra1,2
Received: 26 December 2019 / Revised: 31 July 2020 / Accepted: 9 September 2020 / © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Paper folding-and-punching tests are used to measure spatial abilities in humans. This paper presents a qualitative model for paper folding (QPF) and a computer game (Paper Folding Game ) developed to apply and show the reasoning capabilities of the QPF model. This interactive game presents paper-folding activities intended to help users train and understand how to fold a paper to get a specific shape. Then, it presents paper-folding-and-punching tests to the players. The Paper Folding Game can automatically generate paper-folding-andpunching questions with varying degrees of difficulty depending on the number of folds and holes made, thus producing additional levels for training. The reasoning mechanisms in the QPF model are used by the Paper Folding Game to infer the right answer to each paper-folding-and-punching question. This reasoning capability allows the game to provide feedback to the players when they are wrong and also to create other plausible answers automatically, so that random question-answers are shown to the players in the mastermode. The Paper Folding Game has been implemented using Unity engine and it is available to download from GooglePlay and AppleStore for everyone to train their spatial reasoning skills. Keywords Computer games · Education · Qualitative descriptors · Logic · Spatial skills · Spatial cognition · Spatial reasoning · Paper folding · Explainable AI Zoe Falomir
[email protected] Ruben Tarin [email protected] Aurelio Puerta [email protected] Pablo Garcia-Segarra [email protected] 1
Bremen Spatial Cognition Center (BSCC), University of Bremen, Enrique-Schmidt-Str. 5, 28359, Bremen, Germany
2
Universitat Jaume I, ES Tecnologia i Ci´encies Experimentals, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castell´o, Spain
Multimedia Tools and Applications
1 Introduction Research studies have shown that there is a strong link between success in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) disciplines and spatial abilities [31, 38] and that spatial skills can be developed through practice [35]. Spatial learning and reasoning can also be taught using visual and kinetic interactions offered by new digital technologies [22]. And research has demonstrated that video game training enhances cognitive control [36] specially when aging [1]. Paper folding tasks have been extensively used in psychological cognitive tests to measure spatial abilities in people as a form of intelligence [8]. The Educational Training Service (ETS) [8] factor kit defines Vz (Visualization) factor as “the ability to manipulate or transform the image of spatial patterns into other visual arrangements”. The Dental Admission Test (DAT) by the American Dental Association1 (ADA) also includes a Perceptual
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