An Introduction to the Ancient Irrigation Structures Upon Karun River in Shushtar City, Iran
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RESEARCH PAPER
An Introduction to the Ancient Irrigation Structures Upon Karun River in Shushtar City, Iran Kazem Torfi1 · Mohammad Albaji2 · Abd Ali Naseri3 · Saeed Boroomand Nasab4 Received: 1 December 2019 / Accepted: 1 October 2020 © Shiraz University 2020
Abstract Unique geographical and living conditions within Shushtar region due to the amicable weather and the existence of Karun River have provided a resourceful settlement for the people in the region. Adequate and high-quality water resource, i.e., the Karun River, on the one hand and the fertile croplands on the other caused the early settlers to design and build numerous hydraulic structures upon Karun River in order to efficiently harness and utilize water. These monumental structures include weirs, weir-bridges, bridges and water intakes dating back to the time of Achaemenian (330–550 BC) and Sassanian dynasties (224–651 AD). Although some of these structures have been partly deteriorated or damaged by frequent floods, long wars or development of modern irrigation networks in time, still some others have survived through time and are now being used or developed into modern irrigation and drainage grids. The present paper is an introduction to the existing structures upon Karun River within Shushtar region; the primary objectives of their establishments, materials used and related designs, technical aspects and operation of the structures, how they are connected and the feeding water supplies to each. It also proposes a number of practical recommendations to effectively conserve, protect and utilize the existing hydraulic structures. Keywords Structures · Weir · Weir-bridge · Intake · Irrigation · Shushtar · Gargar · Daryon · Band-e-Mizan
1 Introduction
* Mohammad Albaji [email protected]; [email protected] Kazem Torfi [email protected] Abd Ali Naseri [email protected]
Saeed Boroomand Nasab [email protected]; [email protected]
1
Irrigation and Drainage, Khuzestan Water and Power Authority (KWPA), Golestan Road, 61335‑137 Ahvaz, Iran
2
Irrigation and Drainage Department, Faculty of Water & Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3
Irrigation and Drainage Department, Faculty of Water & Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
4
Irrigation and Drainage Department, Faculty of Water & Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
Before sophisticated agricultural developments, mankind utilized water only to meet specific, limited needs such as drinking, personal hygiene and fishing. Invention of agricultural equipment revolutionized his life on earth so that it made him settle down and grow plants and raise cattle to satisfy new demands. Existence of great rivers (river is a natural stream of water of considerable volume) such as Karun, Dez, Jarrahi and Zohreh as well as their countless tributaries, springs and flat, fertile lands in Khuzestan plain made this part of the ancient world an ideal land for dwelli
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