An Introduction to the Process of Cell, Tissue, and Organ Differentiation, and Production of Secondary Metabolites
Plant cell and tissue cultures are indispensable tools to understand the process of differentiation that has become a powerful technology for commercial level production of micropropagated plants. Various technological innovations in growing and analyzing
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An Introduction to the Process of Cell, Tissue, and Organ Differentiation, and Production of Secondary Metabolites Kishan Gopal Ramawat
Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Historical Developments in Secondary Metabolites Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Plant Growth Regulators Used in Plant Tissue Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Role of Plant Growth Regulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Plant Growth Regulators Used for Differentiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Cell and Tissue Differentiation and Production of Secondary Metabolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Organized Culture for the Production of Secondary Metabolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 Somatic Embryogenesis and Metabolic Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Shoot Culture and Secondary Metabolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Roots Culture and Secondary Metabolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 Bioreactor Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Abstract
Plant cell and tissue cultures are indispensable tools to understand the process of differentiation that has become a powerful technology for commercial level production of micropropagated plants. Various technological innovations in growing and analyzing cell cultures have led to the production of useful primary and secondary metabolites from plant cell cultures using bioreactors up to a 75,000 L capacity. The processes of differentiation as well as production of secondary metabolites are complex, both involving a coordinated expression of several genes. Differentiation of cells and tissues causes qualitative and quantitative changes in the production of secondary metabolites. Metabolomics and transcriptome analysis of cells and tissues will provide more insight into genes K. G. Ramawat (*) Department of Botany, University College of Science, M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 K. G. Ramawat et al. (eds.), Plant Ce
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