An optimum three-stage stator winding connections for wind-driven stand-alone self-excited induction generators for enha
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ORIGINAL PAPER
An optimum three-stage stator winding connections for wind-driven stand-alone self-excited induction generators for enhanced annual energy output R. Essaki Raj1
· C. Kamalakannan2 · R. Karthigaivel3
Received: 8 May 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A special three-phase stator winding consisting of a parallel combination of delta and star is proposed for wind-driven, self–excited induction generators (SEIGs), increasingly used for supplying isolated loads. This winding configuration enables the SEIG to be operated over a wide range of wind speeds, in three stages. The winding is set at parallel delta-star connection at higher wind speeds and then changed to conventional series delta and series star connections at medium and low wind speeds, respectively. An equivalent circuit has been developed for SEIG with this unconventional winding, and the expressions for the evaluation of its performance characteristics have been derived. A method of determining a suitable value of excitation capacitor bank has also been formulated using genetic algorithm. Taking an example of a 2.2 kW, three-phase SEIG, its predetermined characteristics and the corresponding experimental results have been presented. Taking the wind data from an actual wind farm, the annual energy output obtainable from this generator is also estimated. The proposed switching scheme is thus shown to be optimum for covering a wide range of wind speeds. A cluster of several such generators can lead to the establishment of battery charging stations and formation of micro-grids. Keywords Self-excited induction generators · Three-stage stator winding · Genetic algorithm · Wind energy · Enhanced annual energy output · Isolated loads
List of symbols a b C Ed, Es E ds , E sd I2 I d , Is
B
Per unit (p.u) frequency P.u speed Excitation capacitance per phase, µF Transformer emf in the delta and star components, respectively, V Speed emf in the delta and star components, respectively, V Rotor phase current, A Stator phase current of delta and star components, respectively, A
ICL ICP ILL ILP IGL IGP
Po Pm R1 , R2 R, X
R. Essaki Raj [email protected]
Tph
1
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, India
2
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
V GL X 1, X 2
3
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, India
Xm
Capacitor bank line current, A Capacitor bank phase current, A Load line current, A Load phase current, A Generator line current, A Generator phase current in the combined equivalent circuit of the delta and star components of the generator, A Output power of the generator, W Mechanical input power to the generator, W Per phase stator and rotor (referred to stator) resistance, respectively, Per phase load resistance and reactance, respectively, Effective turns in ser
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