An Optimum Transmission Distance and Adaptive Clustering Based Routing Protocol for Cognitive Radio Sensor Network
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An Optimum Transmission Distance and Adaptive Clustering Based Routing Protocol for Cognitive Radio Sensor Network Yogesh Tripathi1 · Arun Prakash1 · Rajeev Tripathi1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Adaptive transmission strategies for cognitive radio sensor network provide flexibility to the nodes based on data packets. In this paper, an optimum transmission distance is formulated by considering the energy consumption in the inter-cluster and intra-cluster data forwarding. The nodes are arranged in the clustered form and the size of cluster is adaptable with respect to the number of packets in the cluster. Furthermore, due to cognitive capability of sensor node, it is possible to calculate the residual time of unused licensed channels by taking into consideration the primary users activity. The proposed routing protocol uses the concept of optimal transmission distance and cognitive technique for data forwarding and the objective of the routing protocol is to forward the data packets through energy efficient paths. The comparison with other state-of-the-art algorithm validates that the proposed routing protocol improves the network performance. Keywords Cognitive radio sensor network · Clustering · Routing · Load balancing · Energy efficiency
1 Introduction In the era of Internet of things, there is monumental growth as well as advancements in the applications of WSN [1, 2]. The major applications of WSN are environmental monitoring, military surveillance, home applications, health care monitoring and industrial applications [3–5]. In all the above mentioned applications, sensor nodes are deployed in an unattended manner and are responsible for sending the sensed data to the sink node. Since sensor nodes have energy limitations, so energy efficiency with network scalability becomes critical in WSN [6]. Moreover, sometimes network load increases due to event generation in different monitoring applications. Since, WSN operates in unlicensed band known as Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band working on 2.4 GHz frequency. However, the ISM band is also used by other emerging technologies due to worldwide operability and free to use [6]. So, this band has become crowded which results in spectrum scarcity faced by WSN when the * Yogesh Tripathi [email protected] 1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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network load increases. Hence, it is required to explore some additional capabilities in energy constrained network to further improve the network performance. Cognitive Radio (CR) is one of the emerging technologies to improve the spectrum utilization of the licensed spectrum band with the help of dynamic spectrum access technique [7, 8]. CR can utilize the licensed unused spectrum band to overcome the congestion by considering the activity of Primary User (PU) on licensed channels. WSN enabled with cognitive capabilit
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