An overview of cryptographic primitives for possible use in 5G and beyond
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. REVIEW .
December 2020, Vol. 63 220301:1–220301:22 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-019-2907-4
Special Focus on Challenges and New Insights for Network Security in 5G-and-Beyond
An overview of cryptographic primitives for possible use in 5G and beyond Jing YANG* & Thomas JOHANSSON Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund 22100, Sweden Received 9 December 2019/Revised 20 February 2020/Accepted 11 May 2020/Published online 11 November 2020
Abstract This survey overviews the potential use of cryptographic primitives in the fifth-generation mobile communications system (aka 5G) and beyond. It discusses the new security challenges that come with 5G and presents the upcoming security architecture. It shows the use of current cryptographic algorithms and discusses new algorithms or modifications of existing ones, that can be relevant. It also discusses the need for lightweight algorithms to meet the new use cases as well as the general demand for algorithms secure even when large quantum computers are available. Keywords
5G, cryptographic primitives, lightweight cryptography, post-quantum cryptography
Citation Yang J, Johansson T. An overview of cryptographic primitives for possible use in 5G and beyond. Sci China Inf Sci, 2020, 63(12): 220301, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-019-2907-4
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Introduction
Wireless communication has transformed our society. The introduction of mobile communication as specified and provided by the second, third and fourth generation of mobile communication systems (respectively referred to as 2G, 3G, long-term evolution (LTE)) has changed our lives. Most people today own a mobile phone, keeping it closeby, and conducting not only phone calls, Internet browsing, but also a number of other very convenient services, which may include mobile tickets, money transfer, paying for parking, etc. Today, researchers and developers are focusing on the next-generation of mobile communication, the so-called 5G system. This next-generation mobile network is currently being specified by the third generation partnership project (3GPP). Mobile carriers have started building 5G networks in some cities and there are already a few mobile phones offering 5G connectivity. The 5G system will be the enabling platform for achieving the original goals set up in IMT-2020 [1], which contains a number of use cases spanning from voice and fast connectivity to new use cases, such as smart city, smart home, industry automation, self-driving vehicles and mission-critical applications. Based on an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) report “Setting the scene for 5G: opportunities and challenges”, 3GPP has identified three typical categories of use cases, specified as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), critical communications, and the massive Internet of Things (mIoT). Below is a general description of 5G in the aspects of some general features and requirements for these use cases [2]. • eMBB. 5G should meet a performance goal of very high data rates and still low latencies. Requir
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