Current scenario of CNG vehicular pollution and their possible abatement technologies: an overview
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Current scenario of CNG vehicular pollution and their possible abatement technologies: an overview Suverna Trivedi 1,2 & Ram Prasad 1 & Ashuthosh Mishra 1,3 & Abul Kalam 4,5 & Pankaj Yadav 6 Received: 3 February 2020 / Accepted: 3 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Compressed natural gas is an alternative green fuel for automobile industry. Recently, the Indian government is targeting to replace all the conventional fuel vehicles by compressed natural gas (CNG) automobiles due to its several merits. Still, the presence of a significant amount of CO, CH4, and NOx gases in the CNG vehicle exhaust are quiet a matter of concern. Thus, to control the emissions from CNG engines, the major advances are under development of and oxidation is one of them in catalytic converter. In literature, the catalysts such as noble and non-noble metals have been reported for separate oxidation of CO and CH4.. Experimentally, it was found that non-noble metal catalysts are preferred due to its low cost, good thermal stability, and molding tractability. In literature, several articles have been published for CO and CH4 oxidation but no review paper is still available. Thus, the present review provides a comprehensive overview of separate as well as simultaneous CO and CH4 oxidation reactions for CNG vehicular emission control. Keywords Green fuel . CNG vehicle . CO-CH4 emission . Catalytic control . Spinel catalyst
Introduction Internal combustion (IC) engines are used in various fields like transportation, agriculture, power generation, industries, defense, etc. However, the incomplete combustion inside the IC engines emits primary pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Suverna Trivedi [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
3
Department of Environment Engineering, CSIR, National Environment and Engineering Research Institute, Noida, India
4
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Saudi Arabia
5
Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Guraiger, Saudi Arabia
6
Department of Solar Energy, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 007, India
and soot/particulate matters into the atmosphere (Veldsink et al. 1995). These primary pollutants are precursors for the formation of secondary pollutants such as peroxyacrylonitrile (PAN), polycylic aeromatic hydrocarbon, acid rain, smog, tropospheric ozone, etc. (Prasad and Singh 2012). Both these pollutants are playing a major role in global warming and climate change. Intially, air pollution was considered a local issue (impacting air quality, public health, ecosystem, storm, cloud burst, drought, etc.), but later on, it is recognized as an intricat
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