Analysing child-to-parent violence in Chilean adolescents: Prevalence and reasons
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Analysing child-to-parent violence in Chilean adolescents: Prevalence and reasons Patricia Jiménez-García 1 & Beatriz Pérez 2 & Lourdes Contreras 1
&
M. Carmen Cano-Lozano 1
Accepted: 9 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Child-to-parent violence is a serious social problem that has prompted numerous studies in various countries in the last decade. However, in some countries, such as Chile, there is a lack of research in this field. The objective of the present study was to adapt a specific instrument for assessing child-to-parent violence for use with Chilean adolescents and analyse its psychometric properties, as well as the prevalence of and reasons for such aggressions. A sample of 905 Chilean adolescents (M age = 15.05; SD = 1.48) were assessed using the version for adolescents of the Child-to-Parent Violence Questionnaire (CPV-Q). The results obtained support the four-factor structure of the original version (psychological violence, physical violence, financial violence, and control/domain violence), yielding adequate psychometric properties. High prevalence rates were observed, although no differences were found between boys and girls in terms of type of child-to-parent violence. While physical violence was directed to a greater extent against the father, control/domain violence was directed to a greater extent against the mother. Instrumentaltype reasons were more frequent than reactive-type reasons. Statistically significant differences were observed with respect to the gender of the aggressor, with reactive-type reasons being more frequent among girls than among boys. It may be concluded that this instrument is valid for the assessment of child-to-parent violence in Chile and that the high prevalence rates of this phenomenon justify the need to continue studying this type of violence in greater depth. Keywords Child-to-parent violence . Adolescents . Adaptation . Psychometric properties . Family violence
Introduction Violence from children to parents, also known as child-toparent violence (CPV), refers to any action taken by the child aimed at causing physical, psychological, or financial harm in order to gain power and control over their parents (Cottrell, 2001). Recently, aspects such as repeated aggressions over time, intention to engage in the aggressions, and being aware of the aggressions have been included in the definition of CPV, thus excluding isolated aggressions and the aggressions caused by a state of decreased consciousness and/or by
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01113-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Lourdes Contreras [email protected] 1
Department of Psychology, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
2
University of the Frontera, Temuco, Chile
psychological alterations (Molla-Esparza & Aroca-Montolío, 2018; Pereira et al., 2017). Following Cottrell (2001), psychological violence re
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