Prevalence and Predictors of Depression Among Adolescents
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Prevalence and Predictors of Depression Among Adolescents Besi Paul 1 & V. K. Usha 2 Received: 3 April 2020 / Accepted: 4 September 2020 # Dr. K C Chaudhuri Foundation 2020
Abstract Objectives To determine the prevalence of depression among school going adolescents and to identify the predictors of adolescent depression. Methods A total of 1057 adolescents (619 males and 438 females) studying in six selected schools of Ernakulam District, Kerala participated in the study. All the students from 8th to 12th standards of the schools present during the time of data collection who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled into the study. Data were collected using Socio personal data sheet and CESD-R (Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale- Revised). Results Of 1057 samples, 150 (14.19%) had depression and 907 (85.87%) had no depression. Among them 14.53% (90) of males and 13.69% (60) of females had depression. Family history of medication use (OR: 1.43, CI: 0.5–0.585), history of medication use among adolescents (OR: 6.07, CI: 0.496–0.515), history of family dispute (OR: 3.32, CI: 0.536–0.605), presence of learning disability (OR: 2.20, CI: 0.51–0.571), chronic physical illness (OR: 2.22, 0.508–0.567) and mother’s occupation (OR: 1.40, CI: 0.499–0.581) were significantly associated with depression among adolescents. Family dispute (OR: 2.65, CI: 0.232–0.608) was the only predictor of depression among adolescents. Conclusions With limitations of the study, authors observed that family dispute is a significant predictor of depression in adolescents. Keywords Depression . Adolescents . Prevalence . Predictors
Introduction During the last two decades, depression among adolescents has emerged as a major mental health problem, with suicide being its most devastating outcome [1]. According to the current global epidemiological data, up to 20% of children and adolescents suffer from a disabling mental illness and suicide which is the third leading cause of death among adolescents. Up to 50% of all mental disorders have their onset during adolescence. As per many prevalence studies, 8% to 20% of adolescents suffer from depression and it is associated with suicide, other psychiatric co-morbidities, academic failure, poor peer relationships, substance abuse and severe depression during adulthood [2].
* Besi Paul [email protected] 1
Department of Mental Health Nursing, MOSC College of Nursing, Kolenchery, Kerala, India
2
Govt. Nursing College, Kottayam, Kerala, India
A study conducted on 519 adolescent students in Uganda revealed that the prevalence of depressive disorders was 2.9%. In the sample, 15 (3.1%) reported current suicidal ideation. In the logistic regression analyses, significant depression symptoms were associated with singlegender schools, loss of parents and alcohol consumption [3]. A study conducted in Germany reported a point prevalence of depression as 8.2%. A meta-analysis of Chinese studies reported a pooled prevalence of 24.3% [4]. Prevalence estimates of different studies
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