Analysis of apoplastic proteins expressed during net form net blotch of barley
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Analysis of apoplastic proteins expressed during net form net blotch of barley Kealan Hassett1 · Simon R. Ellwood1 · Katherine G. Zulak1 · Mariano Jordi Muria‑Gonzalez1 Received: 2 December 2019 / Accepted: 27 March 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The net form net blotch (NFNB) is a significant disease of barley. Its causal agent, Pyrenophora teres f. teres (PTT), has an important economic impact on yield and grain quality globally. However, the molecular interaction between PTT and barley is not fully understood. The plant–pathogen encounter comprises the secretion of diverse molecules involved in plant defence, including pathogenicity-related proteins, and fungal attack, such as proteinaceous toxins called effectors. The forefront of the molecular crosstalk between plant and fungus is the space between plant cells or apoplast. To explore the suitability of studying apoplastic proteins to assist understanding the host–pathogen interaction, a mass spectrometry-based proteomics technique was used to profile apoplastic protein differences in control and NFNB-infected leaves in a susceptible cultivar. The analysis revealed 1130 barley proteins, of which 140 were found to be significantly differentially expressed. This paper presents an overview of the major protein changes induced in the barley apoplast and discusses the involvement of individual proteins in defence and disease development. Our results suggest that the fungus may be hijacking defence signalling pathways. This investigation provides the first in vivo proteomics data for a NFNB–barley interaction, setting a background for further studies. Keywords Apoplast · Plant–microbe interaction · Hordeum spp. · Proteomics · Defence proteins · Pyrenophora teres
Introduction Net blotch of barley is a significant disease caused by two closely related fungal pathogens: Pyrenophora teres f. teres (PTT) and Pyrenophora teres f. maculata (PTM). The causal agent of the net form net blotch (NFNB) is PTT, while PTM causes spot form net blotch (Smedegård-Petersen 1971). NFNB has a longer host association with barley and is genetically diverse, with numerous pathotypes and correspondingly complex genetic interactions with barley (Liu et al. 2010; Ellwood et al. 2012, 2019). PTT is a hemibiotrophic fungus, meaning it switches from biotrophy to necrotrophy, polar opposites of pathogenic lifestyles. Biotrophic Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-020-00318-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users. * Mariano Jordi Muria‑Gonzalez [email protected] 1
Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
fungi typically colonise healthy plant tissue by evading or suppressing the host defence responses and acquiring nutrients from living host cells, while necrotrophic fungi gain nutrition by killing the host tissue (Vleeshouwers and Oliver 2015). Biotrophic and necrotrophic fungi elicit different responses i
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