Analysis of Drugs of Abuse
This volume features a comprehensive set of protocols featuring a range of both old and new technologies that can be used to analyze drugs of abuse, including prescription drugs, new psychoactive substances and psychoactive plants. Chapters guide readers
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Rabi A. Musah Editor
Analysis of Drugs of Abuse
Methods
in
M o l e c u l a r B i o lo g y
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
Analysis of Drugs of Abuse Edited by
Rabi A. Musah Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
Editor Rabi A. Musah Department of Chemistry State University of New York at Albany Albany, NY, USA
ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic) Methods in Molecular Biology ISBN 978-1-4939-8578-4 ISBN 978-1-4939-8579-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8579-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018945531 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Humana Press imprint is published by the registered company Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature. The registered company address is: 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, U.S.A.
Preface Since ancient times, humans have ingested mind-altering substances. The earliest reports of human interactions with these materials indicate that they were often used in the context of healing, ceremonial, and/or religious practices. Most were derived from plants such as khat, opium poppy, peyote cactus, and cannabis, among many others. Although the use of these substances may have become chronic as a consequence of dependence, the circumstances leading to the current drug abuse pandemic emerged in the early nineteenth century when it was demonstrated that a psychoactive active ingredient could be isolated and obtained in highly purified form from plant material. Morphine, isolated from the opium poppy, serves as an early example. Less than a quarter of a century after its i
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