Analysis of Putative Epitope Candidates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Against Pakistani Human Leukocyte Antigen Backgrou
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Analysis of Putative Epitope Candidates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Against Pakistani Human Leukocyte Antigen Background: An Immunoinformatic Study for the Development of Future Vaccine Malik Siddique Mahmood1 · Duaa Bin‑T‑Abid1 · Saba Irshad1 · Hina Batool2 Accepted: 22 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Tuberculosis (TB), a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a global health issue across the world. Pakistan ranks fifth among the countries, which are facing, a significantly great number of mortalities and morbidities due to TB. Unfortunately, all previously reported treatments are not successful for the eradication of TB. Here in this study, we report an emerging treatment option for this disease. We have applied immunoinformatics to predict highly conserved B and T-cell epitopes from Mtb, showing significant binding affinities to the frequent HLA alleles in the Pakistani population. A total of ten highly referenced and experimentally validated epitopes were selected from the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB), followed by their conservancy analysis using weblogos. The consensus sequences and variants derived from these sequences were examined, for their binding affinities, with prevalent HLA alleles of Pakistan. Moreover, the antigenic and allergenic natures of these peptides were also evaluated via Vaxijen and AllerTOP, respectively. Consequently, all potentially allergenic and non-antigenic, peptide fragments, were excluded from the analysis. Among all putative epitopes, three CD8 + T-cell epitopes were selected, as ideal vaccine candidates and, population coverage analysis revealed that the combination of these three peptides was covering, 67.28% Pakistani Asian and 57.15% mixed Pakistani populations. Likewise, eleven linear and six conformational or discontinuous B-cell epitopes were also marked as potential vaccine candidates based on their prediction score, non-allergenic nature, and antigenic properties. These epitopes, however, need the final validation via wet-lab studies. After their approval, these epitopes would be effective candidates for the future designing of epitope-based vaccines against Mtb infections in Pakistan. Keywords Epitope-based vaccines · Mycobacterium tuberculosis · Human leukocyte antigen · Pakistani population
Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10989-020-10111-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Malik Siddique Mahmood [email protected] Duaa Bin‑T‑Abid [email protected] Saba Irshad [email protected] Hina Batool [email protected] 1
Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, P. O box No. 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
Department of Life Science, School of Science, University of Management Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
2
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious health concern globally, caused by the infections of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) (Ullah et al. 2016). Mtb is responsible
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