Analysis of the effect of passive measures on the energy consumption and zero-energy prospects of residential buildings
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Analysis of the effect of passive measures on the energy consumption and zero-energy prospects of residential buildings in Pakistan
School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
Abstract
Keywords
Climate change can adversely impact the thermal comfort and energy efficiency of the buildings stock. The South Asian countries are particularly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change specially in the form of rising temperatures and increasing frequency of heat waves. The passive building design measures can be useful in mitigating and adapting to the climate change by increasing energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study various passive climate change adaptation measures (PCAMs) have been used individually and in form of combinations in order to analyze their impact on the energy efficacy of residential buildings in Pakistan. It has been found that the natural ventilation and front green wall are the most efficient options for reducing the overall energy consumption. By implementation of these PCAMs, cooling demand can be decreased by 27.75% while heating demand can be reduced by 35%. Secondly, the prospect of net zero-energy building and reduced CO2 emissions are also studied. It has been shown that building can achieve net-zero energy on an annual basis at every orientation and it can attain the status of nearly zero-energy building on a monthly basis. Moreover, emitted CO2 can be reduced by 31% by using the renewable energy.
building energy simulations,
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Introduction
E-mail: [email protected]
net zero-energy, passive climate adaptation measures, climate change, energy consumption, Pakistan
Article History Received: 16 March 2020 Revised: 17 August 2020 Accepted: 06 September 2020 © Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
and the communities of Pakistan need to make collective efforts to overcome these potential threats on immediate grounds. With these climate changes in the atmosphere, high air temperatures in the future will lead to an increase in the cooling demand of buildings to maintain thermal comfort within buildings (van Hooff et al. 2016). Adding active cooling systems to the building to comfort its occupants in the future can lead to more burning of fossil fuels, more CO2 production, and an increase in overall energy use that can ultimately exacerbate the risks of climate change (van Hooff et al. 2016). In contrast to the active measures, passive measures are those which, when installed, do not consume energy or consume very less energy. The outdoor climate has a significant impact on building energy. Heat gains through the building are responsible for increased energy demand. Energy can therefore be conserved by limiting these heat gains (Kamal 1997; Almeida et al. 2001; Morelli 2001; Boardman 2004; Lenzen et al. 2006; Ueno et al. 2006; Dhaka et al. 2012; AlAjmi et al. 2016). The building sector constitutes
Architecture
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