Analysis of the Principal Factors Affecting the Algae Growth in an Urban Eutrophic Shallow Lake by an Ecosystem Model
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Analysis of the Principal Factors Affecting the Algae Growth in an Urban Eutrophic Shallow Lake by an Ecosystem Model Bui Quoc Lap & Dang Thuan Ta
Received: 13 July 2020 / Accepted: 2 October 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The growth of algae in eutrophic lakes is greatly influenced by the various factors such as nutrients, water temperature, and solar radiation intensity. In order to manage and maintain the ecosystem in the lakes, it is necessary to understand the dynamics of the nutrients as well as the factors affecting the algae growth seasonally. In this study, an ecosystem model based on the genetic algorithm (GA) for the optimization of the parameters during the model validation was developed to simulate the growth of algae groups (green algae, blue-green algae, and diatom algae) and analyze the principal factors affecting their growth in a eutrophic shallow lake in the inner Hanoi City. The survey of each algal group and other related variables of water quality were conducted from May 2017 to March 2018 to calibrate and verify the developed model. The principal factors affecting the algae growth were evaluated through the functions that limit their growth. Seasonal variation in the production components (including diffusion from sediment, atmosphere, and algae excretion) and consumption (photosynthesis) of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) are also quantified. Moreover, the model developed in this study promises to be a useful tool to simulate the relationship between algae biomass
B. Q. Lap (*) Faculty of Chemistry and Environment, Thuyloi University, 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam e-mail: [email protected] D. T. Ta Faculty of Chemistry and Environment Technology, Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Hung Yen, Vietnam
and nutrient concentration, as well as forecasting changes in composition and density of algae in the eutrophic lakes. Keywords Eutrophication . Ecosystem model . Algae . Nutrients . Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP)
1 Introduction Closed water bodies, such as lakes and reservoirs, are well-known as major surface water sources for life. Human life depends on them for a multitude of uses including drinking, power generation, and agricultural irrigation, but they may also be subject to pollution caused by these and other activities, which may degrade their water quality. Therefore, lakes and reservoirs are still the subject of great environmental concern (Lap et al. 2014). Furthermore, as closed bodies of water, lakes also experience many other problems due to their poor exchange with external water resources, such as thermal stratification and eutrophication (Lap et al., 2006). For example, the shallow lakes in Hanoi Capital (Vietnam) are facing many water quality problems, especially eutrophication process that causes the flowering of floating plant groups (Nguyen et al. 2017). In order to control and maintain a healthy ecosystem in the lakes, it is necessary to understand the impact of nutrient concentrations as well as the influence of e
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