Analysis of Warm-up Effect on Laser Tracker Measurement Performance
In the manufacture of various large-scale industrial components and machines (aerospace industry, shipping industry, automotive industry, etc.), high precision is required in determining their shape and parameters. At present, coordinate measuring systems
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, Alojz Kopáˇcik , and Ján Erdélyi
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Surveying, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 11, 81005 Bratislava, Slovakia [email protected]
Abstract. In the manufacture of various large-scale industrial components and machines (aerospace industry, shipping industry, automotive industry, etc.), high precision is required in determining their shape and parameters. At present, coordinate measuring systems—laser trackers—are often used to determine the dimensions of these components, with precision up to tens of micrometers. If a measurement result with such high precision is requested, factors that are specific for laser trackers need to be considered. One of these specific factors which affect the measurement is the warm-up effect. This effect is caused by warming-up the laser source, which also heats other parts of the instrument. In this paper, the tasted laser tracker was Leica AT 960-MR. The warm-up effect is most seen right after the device is turned on and decreases over time. According to the manufacturer, steady-state conditions should be achieved after approximately 30–40 min. To verify this statement and quantify how much is laser tracker affected by warming up, a series of experiments were performed. Detailed description of the tests is provided together with numerical and graphical results. The final statement of the tests is whether the instrument is fit for further use and after which time it has reached the declared precision (warm-up time). Keywords: Leica AT960-MR · Testing · Warm-up time · Accuracy
1 Introduction The measurement of large objects with high precision in the industry was a challenging problem in the past. Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) were often used to solve this problem, but the biggest CMMs were only able to measure 3D coordinates of a few meters long objects. There was also a problem with transportation and placement of measured part onto CMM, because of its large size. The need for high precision measurement of large industrial components in situ starts the development of portable coordinate measuring systems. In 1987 the first laser tracker (LT) was introduced [1] with precision up to tens of micrometers, and further development is still in progress. There are various definitions of LT, mostly depending on their usage. In the standard [2], the LT is described as a coordinate measuring system in which a cooperative target is continuously followed with a laser beam, and its location is determined in terms of © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 A. Kopáˇcik et al. (Eds.): Contributions to International Conferences on Engineering Surveying, SPEES, pp. 142–154, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51953-7_12
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distance and two angles (azimuth and elevation angles). The principle of measurement came from total stations frequently used in geodesy (spatial polar method). After 30 years of developm
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