Anatomy of the Head and Neck
The skull is comprised of numerous flat bones that encase the brain and provide structural support for the face. The skull consists of two parts: The neurocranium is the bone case surrounding the brain.
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Surgical and Perioperative Management of Patients with Anatomic Anomalies
Deepak Narayan • Shanta E. Kapadia Gopal Kodumudi • Nalini Vadivelu Editors
Surgical and Perioperative Management of Patients with Anatomic Anomalies
Editors Deepak Narayan (Deceased) Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Yale New Haven Hospital
New Haven, CT USA Gopal Kodumudi Department of Anesthesiology Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans Health New Orleans, LA USA
Shanta E. Kapadia Department of Surgery Yale School of Medicine New Haven, CT USA Nalini Vadivelu Department of Anesthesiology Yale University New Haven, CT USA
ISBN 978-3-030-55658-7 ISBN 978-3-030-55660-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55660-0 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
After completion of the work on this book but prior to its publication, our dear friend and Co-editor Dr. Deepak Narayan sadly passed away. His diligence, mentorship, encouragement, and attention to detail were exemplary and something that those of us who partnered with him will never forget. This book therefore, in all humility, is dedicated to his memory. Shanta E. Kapadia Gopal Kodumudi Nalini Vadivelu
Preface
Since ancient times, it has been well recognized that variations of the normal human anatomy exist. Most anatomical variants were identified after the discovery of X-rays. The understanding of normal human anatomy over the centuries was slow since the deliberate opening of a human body to study its contents was strictly forbidden until the twelfth century when human dissections were first performed. Advances in imaging and technology in recent times includi
