Anti-H7N9 avian influenza A virus activity of interferon in pseudostratified human airway epithelium cell cultures
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RESEARCH
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Anti-H7N9 avian influenza A virus activity of interferon in pseudostratified human airway epithelium cell cultures Ai-jun Chen1, Jie Dong1, Xin-hui Yuan2, Hong Bo1, Shu-zhen Li3, Chao Wang1, Zhao-jun Duan4* and Li-shu Zheng1*
Abstract Background: Since H7N9 influenza A virus (H7N9) was first reported in 2013, five waves of outbreaks have occurred, posing a huge threat to human health. In preparation for a potential H7N9 epidemic, it is essential to evaluate the efficacy of anti-H7N9 drugs with an appropriate model. Methods: Well-differentiated pseudostratified human airway epithelium (HAE) cells were grown at the air–liquid interface, and the H7N9 cell tropism and cytopathic effect were detected by immunostaining and hematoxylineosin (HE) staining. The H7N9 replication kinetics and anti-H7N9 effect of recombinant human α2b (rhIFN-α2b) and rhIFN-λ1 were compared with different cell lines. The H7N9 viral load and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression were quantified by real-time PCR assays. Results: H7N9 could infect both ciliated and non-ciliated cells within the three-dimensional (3D) HAE cell culture, which reduced the number of cilia and damaged the airways. The H7N9 replication kinetics differed between traditional cells and 3D HAE cells. Interferon had antiviral activity against H7N9 and alleviated epithelial cell lesions; the antiviral activity of rhIFN-α2b was slightly better than that of rhIFN-λ1. In normal cells, rhIFN-α2b induced a greater amount of ISG expression (MX1, OAS1, IFITM3, and ISG15) compared with rhIFN-λ1, but in 3D HAE cells, this trend was reversed. Conclusions: Both rhIFN-α2b and rhIFN-λ1 had antiviral activity against H7N9, and this protection was related to the induction of ISGs. The 3D cell culture model is suitable for evaluating interferon antiviral activity because it can demonstrate realistic in vivo-like effects. Keywords: Avian influenza A virus, H7N9, Human airway epithelium, Interferon, Interferon-stimulated genes
Background In addition to the seasonal influenza virus, some avian influenza viruses, such as H7N9 and H5N1 avian influenza A, can also infect humans. Since the first human infection with a novel H7N9 influenza virus (H7N9) was confirmed in China in the spring of 2013 [1], there have been five epidemic waves of human H7N9 infections through 2017 [2]. * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 4 National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100052, China 1 National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology National Health Commission, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100052, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza infection. However, there is currently no commercial human vaccine available that is specific for H7N9. Antiviral treatment
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