Antibacterial cotton treated with N -halamine and quaternary ammonium salt
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Antibacterial cotton treated with N-halamine and quaternary ammonium salt Ying Liu • Kaikai Ma • Rong Li • Xuehong Ren T. S. Huang
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Received: 27 June 2013 / Accepted: 12 September 2013 / Published online: 17 September 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
Abstract Quaternary ammonium salts and N-halamines are widely used as biocides in antimicrobial coatings, and have been extensively studied over the past two decades. In this work, 5,5-dimethyl-3-(30 triethoxysilylpropyl)hydantoin (SPH), and 3-(trimethoxysilylpropyl) octadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (SPODA) were synthesized and coated onto cotton fibers using a pad-dry process (PD) and the traditional pad-dry-cure process (PDC). The coated cotton swatches were characterized by FT-IR and SEM. The quaternary ammonium salt showed a relatively lower inactivating bacteria efficacy than did the N-halamine compounds. The chlorinated swatches coated with both SPH and SPODA using the PD process could inactivate about 7 logs of the Staphylococci aureus within 5–10 min and 7 logs of Escherichia coli O157:H7 within 10–30 min, respectively. The addition of quats in N-halamine coatings improved antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria E. coli O157:H7. However, this result was not observed when the PDC process was applied
Y. Liu K. Ma R. Li X. Ren (&) Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles and Clothing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China e-mail: [email protected] T. S. Huang Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
in coatings because of the increasing hydrophobicity of the coated samples under high coating temperature. Keywords N-halamine Quaternary ammonium salt Antibacterial Cotton
Introduction With the development of people’s living standards and healthcare awareness, there is an increasing demand for antimicrobial textiles. Therefore, it is necessary to synthesize ideal antimicrobial agents to provide the fabric with antibacterial properties. Cotton is an ideal medium for rapid multiplication of microorganisms under suitable temperature and humidity. On the other hand, cotton can be easily modified to produce antimicrobial materials because of the numerous reactive sites in the repeating units. Generally, antimicrobial cotton textiles can be obtained by physically or chemically incorporating antimicrobial agents onto fibers or fabrics. One common method to render durable antimicrobial cotton textiles is to bind antibacterial agents onto the fiber surface by covalent bonds. When hospital personnel and patients are equipped with protective clothing coated with antibacterial agents, infections could be minimized. Antibacterial agents, such as quaternary ammonium salts (Jincheng et al. 2012; Lu et al. 2007; Ju
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et al. 2008, Simoncic et al. 2012), metal ions (Yang et al. 2012), phosphonium salts (Ioppolo et al. 2009; Jin et al. 2012; Mukherjee et al. 2012; Wu et al. 2011), N-halamines (Badrossamay and Sun 2008; Barne
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