Monodisperse polystyrene microspheres containing quaternary ammonium salt groups by two-stage dispersion polymerization:
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Monodisperse polystyrene microspheres containing quaternary ammonium salt groups by two-stage dispersion polymerization: effect of reaction parameters on particle size and size distribution Shanshan Lü 1 & Wenwei Jiang 1 & Jingjing Li 2 Received: 9 September 2020 / Revised: 9 November 2020 / Accepted: 11 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A facile approach to prepare monodisperse polystyrene (PS) particles containing quaternary ammonium salts with long alkyl chain was reported. The PS particles containing quaternary ammonium salts are prepared by two-stage dispersion polymerization in ethanol/water (80/20 w/w) mixture with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a steric stabilizer and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO-9) as a co-stabilizer. Polymerizations are conducted using N′-dimethyl-N-n-dodecyl-N-2methacryloyloxyethylammonium bromide (QDMDB) as a comonomer added in the second stage. We identify reaction conditions where one can obtain the functional polystyrene microspheres with a size distribution less than 3%. The influence of the initiator concentration, the styrene monomer concentration, the stabilizer concentration, and QDMDB comonomer concentration on the average particle size and the efficient of variation are investigated comprehensively. The novel particles are examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), zeta potential, and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). QDMDB comonomer not only functionalized the polystyrene particles but also proved to be effective in controlling the particle size and size distribution. According to these results, we show that two-stage dispersion polymerization is an effective pathway for the structure design of the functional microspheres. Keywords Two-stage dispersion polymerization . Polystyrene . Microspheres . Quaternary ammonium group
Introduction The polymer particles with narrow size distribution have drawn much attention in many applications, as support materials for chromatographic separation [1–3], carrier for drug delivery [4, 5], and host material for electrochemistry [6]. These polymer particles are generally prepared via emulsion polymerization or dispersion polymerization [7–10], although other methods are also available [11]. For most of these applications, in addition to the polymer particles containing specific functional groups, uniform particle size, single good dispersion are of key importance.
* Wenwei Jiang [email protected] 1
School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
2
Chengdu Huien Fine Chemical Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, People’s Republic of China
In the beginning, Lok and Ober first prepared the monodisperse polystyrene particles by dispersion polymerization [12]. In dispersion polymerization, the monomer, the initiator, and the stabilizer dissolve in the medium, but the obtained polymer is insoluble in the medium. Therefore, it is necessary to select a medium that dissolv
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