Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Wildlife
The global dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) is one of the most important issues for current medicine, having serious implications for public health. Particular concern has been raised regarding the increasing occurrence of multidrug-re
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Contents 1 Introduction 2 Environmental Sources of ARB for Wildlife 2.1 Sewage Contaminating Surface Waters 2.2 Landfills and Garbage in Urban Areas 2.3 Livestock and Manure Application 3 Dissemination of ARB by Wildlife 3.1 Gut Microbiota and Shedding of AR 3.2 Wildlife as Vectors of ARB 3.3 Bird Migration in ARB Transmission 4 Wildlife as Reservoirs, Sentinels and Spreaders of Clinically Relevant AR 4.1 ESBL- and AmpC-Type Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae 4.2 Carbapenemase-Producing Bacteria 4.3 Plasmid-Mediated Resistance to Colistin 4.4 Bacteria with Plasmid-Mediated Resistance to Fluoroquinolones 4.5 Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci 4.6 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci 4.7 Antibiotic-Resistant Nontyphoidal Salmonellae 5 Studying AR in Wildlife: Indicator Bacteria and Methodological Approaches 6 Conclusions References
Abstract The global dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) is one of the most important issues for current medicine, having serious implications for public health. Particular concern has been raised regarding the increasing occurrence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the environment and wildlife. Wild animals
M. Dolejska (*) Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic e-mail: [email protected] Celia M. Manaia, Erica Donner, Ivone Vaz-Moreira, Peiying Hong (eds.), Antibiotic Resistance in the Environment: A Worldwide Overview, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_467, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
M. Dolejska
inhabiting human-influenced environments can easily acquire ARB. Synanthropic animals that tend to live close to humans and seek food in cities, landfills or areas with intensive agriculture are more likely to carry ARB in their gut than those in places with limited human footprints. In the past years, wild animals were recognized as vectors and secondary sources of ARB for humans and animals. Moreover, wild birds are capable of long-range movements and may spread antibiotic resistance (AR) across borders or continents. This chapter provides a summary of various aspects of AR in wildlife which is presented with respect to the One Health concept. It highlights the most important sources of AR for wildlife and outlines transmission routes of AR into the environment. Ecological and biological factors of various groups of wild animals driving the occurrence of AR and the role of wild animals as spreaders of resistant bacteria are addressed. An overview of selected resistant pathogens carrying epidemiologically and clinically relevant AR found in wildlife is presented and linked to the situation in humans and livestock. Current gaps in our understanding of AR in wildlife and suggestions for future actions and research activities are also highlighted. Keywords Antibiotics, Escherichia coli, Environmental
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