Wildlife Ecotoxicology Forensic Approaches

Many books have now been published in the broad field of environmental toxicology. However, to date, none of have presented the often fascinating stories of the wildlife science, and the steps along the way from discovery of problems caused by environment

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John E. Elliott    Christine A. Bishop  Christy A. Morrissey ●

Editors

Wildlife Ecotoxicology Forensic Approaches

Editors John E. Elliott Environment Canada Science and Technology Branch Pacific Wildlife Research Centre 5421 Robertson Road Delta British Columbia, V4K 3N2, Canada [email protected]

Christy A. Morrissey Department of Biology University of Saskatchewan 112 Science Place, Saskatoon Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada [email protected]

Christine A. Bishop Environment Canada Science and Technology Branch Pacific Wildlife Research Centre 5421 Robertson Road Delta British Columbia, V4K 3N2, Canada [email protected]

The chapters in this book reflect the views of the authors and not necessarily those of Environment Canada or other government agencies.

ISSN 1868-1344 e-ISSN 1868-1352 ISBN 978-0-387-89431-7 e-ISBN 978-0-387-89432-4 DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-89432-4 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011930754 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY  10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Lindsay Oaks and Munir Virani examining a dead vulture in Pakistan, 2000

This book is dedicated to the memory of J. Lindsay Oaks, a friend and colleague to many, and a great wildlife forensic toxicologist.

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Preface

Toxicology and forensics are very historical applications of science, going back even as far as the Roman Empire; and, forensic toxicology has been the subject of many a mystery thriller. Yet, forensic ecotoxicology as an applied science is quite new. In fact, the word ecotoxicology was not coined, as we know it today, as an applied branch of toxicological science until 1969 by R. Truhaut (see B. A. Rattner, 2009, History of wildlife toxicology, Ecotoxicology 18:773–783). And, as an applied field of ecology and conservation biology, forensic ecotoxicology and related policy applications have come into their own only in the last few decades, and its growth and development has been interesting to say the least. Most of the work described in this book, as well as other similar toxics work, is not forensics per se, but in essence it is forensic in nature. In our specialty, forensic