Antibiotic use associated with appendicitis in paediatric patients?
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Antibiotic use associated with appendicitis in paediatric patients? According to study results reported in Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, paediatric patients who receive antibiotics "are at increased and dose-dependent risk of appendicitis", which may represent a causal effect of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota. The cohort study included 1385 707 live-born children from Denmark in 1995–2014. They received 7406 397 antibiotic prescriptions, with a median of 4.0 prescriptions per patient; 84.1% of children received at least on prescription. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were penicillins (80%). During 13 945 135 person-years of follow-up, 11 861 patients were diagnosed with appendicitis and underwent appendectomy within 7 days. Appendicitis developed at a mean age of 9.8 years. Compared with children who did not receive antibiotics, the risk of appendicitis was significantly higher in antibiotic recipients (rate ratio [RR] 1.72; 95% CI 1.61, 1.85). The risk increased with each course of antibiotics (RR 1.04 per course), with the highest risk in those who received ≥7 courses (RR 2.02; 1.87, 2.18). Although antibiotic exposure at
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