Anticancer Activity of the Potential Pyropia yezoensis Galactan Fractionated in Human Prostate Cancer Cells
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pISSN 1226-8372 eISSN 1976-3816
RESEARCH PAPER
Anticancer Activity of the Potential Pyropia yezoensis Galactan Fractionated in Human Prostate Cancer Cells Thi Ngoc Anh Pham, Bao Le, and Seung Hwan Yang
Received: 20 May 2020 / Revised: 16 June 2020 / Accepted: 27 June 2020 © The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering and Springer 2020
Abstract Galactan is a major sulfate polysaccharide in the red seaweed, Pyropia yezoensis. In the present study, the prebiotic potential and anticancer activities of three sulfate galactans with different molecular weights (GPYcrude, GPY300, and GPY10) were evaluated in vitro. Monosaccharide composition and structural analyses of these sulfate galactans showed that all polysaccharide fractions contained the same monosaccharides but had different molecular weights. All the polysaccharides tested displayed potential prebiotic activity, with GPY10 noticeably having the best potential compared to others, especially for Bifidobacterium spp., which highlights possible correlations between structural galactan features and prebiotic activity. Furthermore, all three sulfate galactans were cytotoxic to DU145 and PC-3 prostate cancer cells, with GPY10 exhibiting the greatest inhibition in DU145 cells. Moreover, GPY10 induced modulates the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), with subsequent increased apoptosis of DU145 prostate cancer cell and modulating the PI3K/AKT/ mTOR signaling pathway. GPY10 increased expression of Bax, executor caspase-3, and initiator caspases 8 and 9. Therefore, sulfate galactans from P. yezoensis could be applied as a novel prebiotic and anticancer compounds in prostate cancer cells. Keywords: anticancer, sulfate galactan, prebiotics, Pyropia yezoensis
Thi Ngoc Anh Pham, Bao Le, Seung Hwan Yang* Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea Tel: +82-61-659-7306 E-mail: [email protected]
1. Introduction Pyropia species are edible red seaweeds that is abundantly present in Asian countries, such as South Korea, Japan, and China [1]. Its annual yield has grown very rapidly due to increasing in demand for food, industrial and agriculture applications [2]. Pyropia sp. is a rich source of bioactive compounds with unique medicinal properties including antitumor, immunomodulating, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory activities [3-5]. Moreover, it has a long history of being consumed with advantages of low toxicity and oral bioavailability. Pyropia sp. have recently been marketed as dietary supplements or nutraceuticals for human health promotion. The complexity of the functional links between diet and bacterial and human metabolism has encouraged efforts to exploit diet in modulating of the gut microbiome for maintenance of health status, and prevention of non-communicable diseases [6,7]. The non-digestible polysaccharides have been significant attended to promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the host resulting in specific fermentation products. The current evidence of red seaweeds and their po
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