Antimicrobial effect of Bacillus licheniformis HN-5 bacitracin A on rice pathogen Pantoea ananatis
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Antimicrobial effect of Bacillus licheniformis HN-5 bacitracin A on rice pathogen Pantoea ananatis Pengfei Jin . Zheng Tan . Haonan Wang . Wenbo Liu . Weiguo Miao
Received: 23 October 2019 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) 2020
Abstract Pantoea ananatis is a plant pathogenic bacterium that severely impacts rice. In spite of its worldwide prevalence, limited studies have been conducted so far on the control of P. ananatis. Bacitracin A is a non-ribosomal peptide antibiotic with strong antibacterial activity produced by Bacillus licheniformis strain HN-5. We investigated the mechanisms of action underlying the biocontrol and bactericidal efficacy of bacitracin A against P. ananatis. Fluorescence microscopy and bacterial cell viability analyses revealed that the median effective concentration of bacitracin A against P. ananatis was 9.10 lg ml-1. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that bacitracin A damaged the cell wall and membrane of P. ananatis. Quantitative realtime PCR indicated that the transcriptional expression of ftsZ, glmS, and gumD, which are involved in cell division, cell-wall biosynthesis, and extracellular polymeric substance biosynthesis, respectively, was upregulated at 12 h and significantly downregulated at 24 h after bacitracin A treatment in P. ananatis. Bacitracin A caused cell leakage and changes to
Handling Editor: Jane Debode. P. Jin Z. Tan H. Wang W. Liu W. Miao (&) College of Plant Protection, Hainan University/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China e-mail: [email protected]
membrane permeability in P. ananatis, supporting its use as a natural biocontrol agent for P. ananatis. Keywords Antimicrobial activity Biocontrol Bacitracin A Pantoea ananatis Rice
Introduction Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple in the diet of more than three billion individuals worldwide, sustaining the nutritional needs of an ever-expanding global population (Skamnioti et al. 2009). Pantoea ananatis is a diverse species that occupies various unusual ecological niches and causes diseases such as sheath rot, grain discoloration, stem necrosis, and leaf blight in rice (Cother et al. 2004; Choi et al. 2012; Shyntum et al. 2015). P. ananatis affects cultivated and wild crops and trees, including rice, corn, onions, honeydew melons, and pineapples, and can cause bacteremia in humans (Coutinho et al. 2009; Kido et al. 2010; Maayer et al. 2014; Shyntum et al. 2015). In 2004, P. ananatis was classified as a rice pathogen in Australia (Cother et al. 2004). South Korea issued the same decree in 2010 (Choi et al. 2012). Furthermore, in 2008, a new variant of leaf blight in rice caused by P. ananatis was reported in India (Mondal et al. 2011). Current methods of controlling P. ananatis primarily involve the application of copper-based pesticides. However, the accumulation of such chemical
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