Antimicrobial effects of craniopharyngioma cystic fluid
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Antimicrobial effects of craniopharyngioma cystic fluid Luxwell Jokonya 1,2 & Tsungai Reid 3 & Maritha Kasambala 3 & Tariro Lavender Mduluza-Jokonya 1 & Graham Fieggen 4 & Takafira Mduluza 3 & Kazadi K. N Kalangu 2 & Thajasvarie Naicker 1 Received: 6 May 2020 / Accepted: 19 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Background Tumours are known to increase the risk of infections, especially those occurring in the central nervous system where insertion of surgical hardware/shunts such as in craniopharyngiomas may be required. However, infections are surprisingly scarce in craniopharyngioma cases. In this study, we explored the possibility of antimicrobial effects of craniopharyngioma cystic fluid. Methods The antibacterial effect of craniopharyngioma cystic fluid samples against selected human pathogens: Escherichia. coli, S. aureus and S. pneumoniae were determined using the agar disc diffusion method. Streptomycin and ampicillin were used as controls. The test organisms were cultured in Mueller-Hinton broth overnight at 37 °C. McFarland standard was used as a reference to adjust the inoculum size of each test organism to a concentration of 1 × 106 CFU/ml using sterile broth. Results The craniopharyngioma cystic fluid inhibited growth of Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and S. pneumoniae, but not the Gram-negative bacteria, E. coli. The samples showed the highest zones of S. pneumoniae growth inhibition of up to 20.0 ± 1.0 mm compared with 18.0 ± 1.0 mm of streptomycin and 9.0 ± 0.0 mm of ampicillin. Conclusion Craniopharyngioma cystic fluid showed significant antibacterial properties against Gram-positive bacteria. This novel finding has implications in the way we view infections in craniopharyngioma patients. More studies need to be carried out to further elucidate this unique finding and possibly exploit these antimicrobial properties. Keywords Antibacterial . Craniopharyngioma fluid properties . Machinery oil fluid . Tumour infection
Background Craniopharyngiomas are rare benign tumours which account for 6–9% of all childhood tumours and are the most common non-glial tumours in childhood [1]. According to the World Health Organization, they account for 1.2 to 4.6% of all brain tumours [1]. There are two types of craniopharyngiomas,
* Luxwell Jokonya [email protected] 1
Optics & Imaging, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
2
Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box A 178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
3
Biochemistry Department, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
4
Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
namely the adamantinomatous type and the papillary type. The adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma type usually occurs in childhood whilst the papillary type occurs in middleaged adults [2]. Craniopharyngiomas usually oc
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