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Mechanical Engineering Series Frederick F. Ling Editor-in-Chief

The Mechanical Engineering Series features graduate texts and research monographs to address the need for information in contemporary mechanical engineering, including areas of concentration of applied mechanics, biomechanics, computational mechanics, dynamical systems and control, energetics, mechanics of materials, processing, production systems, thermal science, and tribology.

Advisory Board/Series Editors Applied Mechanics

F.A. Leckie University of California, Santa Barbara D. Gross Technical University of Darmstadt

Biomechanics

V.C. Mow Columbia University

Computational Mechanics

H.T. Yang University of California, Santa Barbara

Dynamic Systems and Control/ Mechatronics

D. Bryant University of Texas at Austin

Energetics

J.R.Welty University of Oregon, Eugene

Mechanics of Materials

I. Finnie University of California, Berkeley

Processing

K.K. Wang Cornell University

Production Systems

G.-A. Klutke Texas A&M University

Thermal Science

A.E. Bergles Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Tribology

W.O. Winer Georgia Institute of Technology

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/1161

Y. Jack Weitsman

Fluid Effects in Polymers and Polymeric Composites

All corrections and inquiries may be sent to Dr. Dayakar Penumadu at [email protected]

ISSN 0941-5122 e-ISSN 2192-063X ISBN 978-1-4614-1058-4 e-ISBN 978-1-4614-1059-1 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1059-1 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011937563 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012

All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer ScienceþBusiness Media (www.springer.com)

To my wife Berthe

In Memoriam

Yechiel Jack Weitsman

1932–2010 Dr. Yechiel Jack Weitsman was born on January 15, 1932 in Poland and died in Knoxville, Tennessee on June 16, 2010 at the age of 78. Jack dearly loved his wife Bertha, their children Jonathan and Debbie, and his son-in-law Chris. His two grandchildren, Elon and Gideon, were love of his life. Jack is remembered for his sense of humor and dignified dealings with all his students and colleagues. Jack was a man of intense faith and had unending commitment to his heritage.

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Preface

This book on the “Effects of Fluids on Polymers and Polymeric Composites” written by