Antinuclear Antibody Profiling in Patients of a Tertiary Care Centre in Central India
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Antinuclear Antibody Profiling in Patients of a Tertiary Care Centre in Central India Prishni Gupta1 Suprava Patel1
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Pratishtha Agrawal1 • Neha Rani Verma1 Rachita Nanda1 • Eli Mohapatra1
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Seema Shah1
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Received: 1 June 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 Ó Association of Clinical Biochemists of India 2020
Abstract The incidence of autoimmune disorders that includes the connective tissue diseases has seen a rise in India in recent times. Antinuclear antibodies, the telltale sign of systemic autoimmune response, thus can be used as a screening tool and also to support the diagnosis of systemic autoimmune disease. The present retrospective crosssectional analysis aimed to study the antinuclear antibodies profile (patterns and specific antibody reactivity) amongst suspected cases of auto-immune disorders at a tertiary care teaching hospital. The study retrieved and reviewed reports of 644 patients sent for ANA testing by indirect immunofluorescence assay over a period of 1 year by different specialty departments. Positive samples were further processed for anti-ds-DNA antibody and antibodies to extractable nuclear antigen. Data collected was statistically analysed. ANA pattern positivity was observed in 31% of
& Rachita Nanda [email protected] Prishni Gupta [email protected] Pratishtha Agrawal [email protected] Neha Rani Verma [email protected] Seema Shah [email protected] Suprava Patel [email protected] Eli Mohapatra [email protected] 1
Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492099, India
cases and a positive antibody reactivity was seen in 66% of them. Female predominance (82%) was noted in both pattern positivity and antibody reactivity. High levels of pattern positivity and antibody reactivity was found in the young adults (45.9%). Amongst the ANA patterns, the nuclear homogenous pattern was found the commonest. The common antibodies associated with this pattern were anti-dsDNA and U1 Sm/RNP antibodies. A stronger fluorescence intensity on initial screening showed a higher confirmation rate for specific antibodies on immunoassay. High occurrence of positive ANA patterns in autoimmune disorders suggests its utilization as a screening tool for them and would also play an adjuvant to the diagnosis. Early knowledge about future autoimmunity will earn better prognostic achievements through better treatment interventions. Keywords Antibody reactivity Anti dsDNA Immunoassay Immunofluorescence assay
Introduction Autoimmune diseases have seen a rise in their prevalence over the years [1–4], the overall estimated prevalence being about 4.5% [5]. These are caused by immune responses against host antigens broadly termed as selfantigens [6]. The immune responses are thus mediated by the autoantibodies. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are a specific class of auto antibodies that have the capacity to bind and destroy structures inside the nucleus of the cell. Th
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