Antioxidant effect of lycopene-enriched tomato paste on N -nitrosodiethylamine-induced oxidative stress in rats
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Antioxidant effect of lycopene-enriched tomato paste on N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced oxidative stress in rats Malgorzata Kujawska & Malgorzata Ewertowska & Teresa Adamska & Czeslaw Sadowski & Ewa Ignatowicz & Jadwiga Jodynis-Liebert
Received: 25 February 2014 / Accepted: 1 September 2014 / Published online: 13 November 2014 # The Author(s) 2014. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Abstract Lycopene is a carotenoid pigment produced by vegetables and fruits, with tomatoes and their processed products being the most abundant sources. A high number of conjugated dienes make lycopene a powerful radical scavenger. Its antioxidant properties are considered to be primarily involved in many beneficial health effects. The present study was designed to assess the protective effect of lycopene-enriched tomato paste against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced oxidative stress in rats. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided randomly into six groups. Four groups were treated with tomato paste, per os, for 28 days in doses which were equivalent to 0.5 (groups II and V) and 2.5 mg/kg b.w./day of lycopene (groups III and VI). Rats from groups IV–VI were given intraperitoneally a single dose of NDEA, 150 mg/kg b.w. Group I (control) was given distilled water. Pretreatment with tomato paste protected the antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase. Their activity was recovered by 32–97 %, as compared to NDEA-treated rats. Microsomal lipid peroxidation in the liver was decreased in rats pretreated with a lower
M. Kujawska (*) : M. Ewertowska : T. Adamska : C. Sadowski : J. Jodynis-Liebert Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Str., 60-631 Poznań, Poland e-mail: [email protected] E. Ignatowicz Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcicki Str., 60-781 Poznań, Poland
dose of tomato paste by 28 %, as compared to animals given NDEA alone. Pretreatment with tomato paste caused a decrease in plasma concentration of protein carbonyls, even below the control level, in rats given NDEA. Moreover, a 10 % reduction of DNA damage in leucocytes caused by NDEA was observed. The tomato paste tested was able to suppress NDEA-induced oxidative stress in rats. Keywords Lycopene . Antioxidant enzymes . Lipid peroxidation . Comet assay . Protein carbonyls
Introduction To optimise health status and to reduce the risk of oxidative stress-based diseases, a diet rich in natural antioxidants is recommended. Therefore, research work has been undertaken to uncover potential new sources of raw materials for use as functional food products [49]. Lycopene, a representative of carotenoids, is a red lipophilic pigment containing 11 conjugated double bonds. It is produced by vegetables and fruits, with tomatoes and processed tomato products being the most abundant sources [42, 44]. Epidemiological evidence suggests that consumption of lycopene is able to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as ca
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