Antiprotozoal Activity of Secondary Metabolites from Salvia circinata
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SHORT COMMUNICATION
Antiprotozoal Activity of Secondary Metabolites from Salvia circinata Fernando Calzada 1 & Elihú Bautista 2 & Elizabeth Barbosa 3 Eva Alvidrez-Armendáriz 2,4 & Lilian Yepez-Mulia 5
&
Luis A. Salazar-Olivo 4
&
Received: 27 March 2020 / Revised: 20 June 2020 / Accepted: 24 June 2020 # Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia 2020
Abstract Salvia circinata Cav., Lamiaceae, is commonly used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal ailments, including diarrhea. An acetone-soluble extract from the aerial parts of S. circinata was suspended in a 9:1 methanol–water mixture and fractionated by partition with hexane and EtOAc. The hexane, EtOAc, and aqueous fractions were evaluated for their antiprotozoal activities, where the EtOAc-soluble fraction displayed the best antiprotozoal activity. Resolution of this fraction by chromatographic methods afforded the known diterpenoids amarissinins A–C (1–3), teotihuacanin (4), and amarisolide F (5), along with two flavones, apigenin (6) and 5,6-dihydroxy-7,3′,4′-trimethoxy flavone (7). Compound 7 was the most active one, with IC50 values of 0.05 μM and 0.13 μM against Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia, respectively. Interestingly, it was even more active than metronidazole and emetine, used as positive controls. Compounds 1–6 showed moderate antiprotozoal activity with IC50 values ranging from 23.9 to 67.8 μM against Entamoeba histolytica, and 39.4 to 127 μM against Giardia lamblia. These results provide evidence-based support for the traditional use of S. circinata, and suggest that the 5,6-dihydroxy7,3′,4′-trimethoxy flavone (7) may have an important role in the antidiarrheal activity of the plant.
Keywords Diterpenoids . Flavones . Antiamoebic activity . Antigiardial activity
Introduction
* Fernando Calzada [email protected] 1
Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
2
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-Consorcio de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para las Zonas Áridas, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., San Luis Potosí, Mexico
3
Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
4
División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., San Luis Potosí, Mexico
5
Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
Diarrhea constitutes one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. It is the result of an infection in the intestinal tract, typically caused by many types of bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Among the protozoa, Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia are two well-known etiological agents that cause parasitic disease
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