Application of AI in Endoscopic Surgical Operations
Artificial intelligence (AI) is already part of our everyday life. Nowadays, facial recognition and autonomous driving are common applications of AI. It has now gone on to invade the field of medicine, and many studies showed promising applications of AI
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Surgery and Operating Room Innovation
Seiichi Takenoshita • Hiroshi Yasuhara Editors
Surgery and Operating Room Innovation
Editors Seiichi Takenoshita Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Fukushima Japan
Hiroshi Yasuhara Tokyo Teishin hospital Chiyoda-ku Tokyo Japan
ISBN 978-981-15-8978-2 ISBN 978-981-15-8979-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8979-9 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Preface
The development of surgery has been associated with the invention of operative procedures, which often occurs through the emergence of novel medical technology or new discoveries in the field of medicine. Until recently, the quality of surgery has mainly depended on the surgeon’s skills, built on his own talent and experience. Because of this, the refinement of surgical procedures has been more important than their reform. Surgery has not changed rapidly or dramatically thus far. These days, however, surgical techniques have become increasingly dependent on sophisticated medical instruments equipped with advanced specifications. As a result, sudden progress or emergence of operative procedures often takes place because the improvement of medical instruments has been accelerated by the advancement of technology. Robotic surgery is only one example among many. In fact, prior to the emergence of robotic surgery, surgical procedures using specific endoscopes and various types of forceps had been introduced in thoracic and abdominal surgery and their use had rapidly prevailed. Consequently, laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery replaced conventional laparotomy and thoracotomy over a short period
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