Application of Amine Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles as an Efficient and Reusable Nanofluid for Removal of Ba 2+ in High
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Application of Amine Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles as an Efficient and Reusable Nanofluid for Removal of Ba2+ in High Saline Waters Hamze Rezaei 1 & Khalil Shahbazi 1 & Mohammad Behbahani 2 Received: 28 July 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract This study describes an investigation on the application of functionalized nanoparticles used as a sorbent for extraction and removal of barium ions from high saline waters. Magnetic recyclable Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles with amine groups were developed and those surface and structural properties were investigated using TEM, FT-IR, XRD, DLS and zeta-potential measurements. Fe3O4@SiO2@NH2 nano adsorbent exhibited good capability to remove Ba2+ from high saline water, resulting from making interaction between Ba2+ and surface amino groups of the prepared magnetic nanopartciles. The performance of the modified nanoparticles is slightly affected due to high concentration of divalent cations (Ca2+). Magnetic nanoparticles are easily recovered from aqueous solution by magnetic separation and regenerated easily by acid treatment. Results of the present study show that recyclable amino functionalized magnetic nanoparticles can be used as a reusable particle to remove barium from produced formation water. Keywords Amine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles . Selective removal of barium ions . High saline water . Reusable magnetic nanoparticle
1 Introduction Lots of operations in oil industry and reservoir engineering such as completion, water flooding, low salinity and smart water flooding, chemical treatment etc. usually use the connate water (water produced from petroleum-bearing formations). This is because of the high chemical compatibility of connate water with reservoir rock and fluids, prevention of environmental problems (especially in offshore plants), and water shortage in onshore operations [1]. Due to changes in thermodynamic and kinetic properties of produced water, precipitation of mineral scales such as CaCO3, BaSO4, SrSO4, CaSO4, MgSO4 is highly probable and always occurs in oil well facilities, pipelines, and underground facilities and even in petroleum-bearing formations.
* Khalil Shahbazi [email protected] 1
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Ahwaz, Iran
2
Faculty of Engineering, Shohadaye Hoveizeh University of Technology, Dasht-e Azadegan, Susangerd, Iran
When scaling is started in the wellbore, a series of problems begins in whole production equipment [1]. As we know, all minerals mentioned above are acid soluble and easy to treat. However, barite (BaSO4) causes the worst damage and is the hardest scale to prevent and/or remove (Nancollas, 1985; Quiroga et al., 2004) because of its hard crystalline structure, chemical and thermal stability which precipitates in production, treatment and other facilities such as pumps, tubings, boilers, heat exchangers, separators, etc. [1]. It has the minimum solubility (Ksp) among all of inorganic scales in the oilfield operational
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