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Carbon Letters https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-020-00186-2

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Activated carbon@MgO@Fe3O4 as an efficient adsorbent for As (III) removal Hossein Esmaeili1   · Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi2,3 · Seyyed Alireza Hashemi2,4 · Wei‑Hung Chiang3 · Somayeh Ahmadpour Abnavi5 Received: 24 March 2020 / Revised: 11 August 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 © Korean Carbon Society 2020

Abstract In this study, ­Fe3O4/MgO/Activated carbon composite was used to remove arsenic ion (As (III)) from aqueous media. To this end, Frangula Alnus was used to prepare activated carbon (AC) by calcination in the furnace at 700 °C for 4 h and was then used to synthesize the MgO/Fe3O4/AC composite. To study the surface properties of the composite, various analyses such as SEM, EDX/Mapping, FTIR, DLS, BET and VSM were applied. According to the BET analysis, the specific surface area and average pore size of the F ­ e3O4/MgO/AC composite were obtained as 190.92 m2/g and 7.57 nm, respectively, which showed that the aforementioned nanocomposite had a mesoporos structure with an excellent specific surface area. Also, VSM analysis indicated that the composite had a superparamagnetic property and could be easily separated from the solution by a magnet. Moreover, the results of the As (III) sorption indicated that the highest uptake efficiency was obtained 96.65% at pH = 7, adsorbent dosage = 0.13 g/L, t = 35 min, T = 45 °C and ­Co = 6 mg/L. In addition, the pseudo-second-order model could better describe the kinetic behavior of the sorption process. Furthermore, Langmuir model was the best model to describe the equilibroium behavior of the As(III) ion sorption. Besides, according to the the thermodynamic study, enthalpy change and entropy change were obtained 58.11 kJ/mol and 224.49 J/mol.K, respectively, indicating that the sorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. According to the results, the ­Fe3O4/MgO/AC composite was a good adsorbent with the extraordinary properties, which can be used on an industrial scale. Keywords  Arsenic metal ion · Fe3O4/MgO/AC · Aqueous solution · Kinetic · Isotherm

1 Introduction

* Hossein Esmaeili [email protected]; [email protected] * Wei‑Hung Chiang [email protected] 1



Department of Chemical Engineering, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran

2



Department of Medical, Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

3

Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan

4

Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71348‑14336 Shiraz, Iran

5

Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Kherad Institute of Higher Education, Bushehr, Iran



One of the most significant threats to water resources is the pollution of underground water caused by heavy metals. Arsenic is one of the most hazardous heavy metals that low amounts of this metal ion can kill humans [1–4]. A