Application of DGT/DIFS combined with BCR to assess the mobility and release risk of heavy metals in the sediments of Na
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Application of DGT/DIFS combined with BCR to assess the mobility and release risk of heavy metals in the sediments of Nansi Lake, China Min Zhang . Cai Li . Liyuan Yang . Shiming Ding . Xin Ma . You Zhang . Tingting Zhao
Received: 5 December 2019 / Accepted: 16 June 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The heavy metal contamination of the aquatic ecosystem is still prevalent even after reduction of the external anthropogenic inputs of the metals. The release of labile heavy metals from the sediments into the water is a potential risk, responsible for the contamination of the aquatic system. Herein, samples of sedimentary column cores were collected in Nansi Lake, and the distribution profiles of the labile and soluble metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were obtained by the diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) and the high-resolution dialysis (HR-peeper) technique. Furthermore, the mobility, bioavailability and release risk of the heavy metals were assessed using the results of geochemical sequential extraction, DGT as well as the DGT-induced fluxes in sediments (DIFS) model. The M. Zhang C. Li L. Yang (&) X. Ma School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China e-mail: [email protected] C. Li S. Ding State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
results showed that the profile characteristics of the DGT-labile and soluble heavy metals showed irregular distribution in the sediment cores and Cd, Pb, Zn had an obvious positive correlation with Fe/Mn (p \ 0.05). Ni, Cu, and Zn existed primarily in the residual fraction (accounting for 58–76%), while Cd and Pb existed in the reducible fraction (accounting for 50–67%). The Cd and Ni (0.027–0.185) had higher mobility coefficients compared with Pb, Cu, and Zn (0–0.011), and positive diffusive fluxes also proved that Cd and Ni were easy to be released from the sediments. In addition, the R values of five metals (0.18–0.85) ranged between Rdiff to 0.95, indicating that all the metals had partially sustained case from the sediments solid phase. Based on the DIFS model, the five metals had weak mobility from the sediment to pore water, but the release risks in the Nansi Lake should also be of concern, especially for the highly mobile Cd and Ni in the Dushan Lake. Keywords High-resolution sampling DGTinduced fluxes in sediments (DIFS) Metal mobility Sediment quality assessment Release risk
Y. Zhang T. Zhao SHUIFA Planning & Design Co., Ltd, Jinan 250100, China
Introduction
Y. Zhang T. Zhao Shandong Lake Basin Management and Informationize Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan 250000, China
The pollution of natural aquatic environments, especially in shallow freshwater lake, due to heavy metals has attracted worldwide attention (Duodu et al. 2016;
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Environ Geochem Health
Lee et al. 2019). Heavy metals (e.g., Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, or Zn),
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