Spatial and seasonal variations and risk assessment for heavy metals in surface sediments of the largest river-embedded
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Spatial and seasonal variations and risk assessment for heavy metals in surface sediments of the largest river-embedded reservoir in China Peng Yuan 1 & Xuefei Wu 2 & Yuqi Xia 1 & Cheng Peng 1,2,3
&
Hong Tong 1 & Jianshe Liu 1,3 & Lei Jiang 2 & Xianyun Wang 2
Received: 28 March 2020 / Accepted: 23 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The sediment acts as not only sink but also source of heavy metals in aquatic environment, which may cause the endogenous pollution in drinking water reservoirs. In this work, we collected the surface sediments from Qingcaosha Reservoir, the largest river-embedded reservoir in China, and investigated the spatial distribution, risk, and sources of heavy metals in four seasons. Significant spatial and seasonal heterogeneity could be found in the distribution of five heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Ni) in the surface sediments. The highest concentrations of the five metals were detected in the sediments from the reservoir downstream, especially in summer and next spring. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF) suggest that the sediment pollution caused by single metal was heavier in summer than in other seasons. Also, the Nemerow pollution index (PIN) manifests that the synergetic pollution induced by five metals was most serious in summer, followed by next spring. However, the potential ecological risk index (PERI) indicates that none of these metals caused potential ecological risk in four seasons. Comprehensive analysis demonstrates that the sediment pollution gradually increased from autumn to winter and then to next spring. Principal component analysis shows that the main pollution source of five heavy metals may come from industrial wastewater and domestic sewage, which was almost independent of seasons. This work can provide data support for the subsequent seasonal optimization of drinking water quality and reservoir management. Keywords Heavy metal pollution . Seasonal variation . Surface sediments . Drinking water reservoir . Geo-accumulation index . Potential ecological risk
Introduction The increasing geologic activity and human activity such as industry, agriculture, and transportation have exacerbated Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09868-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Cheng Peng [email protected] 1
Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
2
Shanghai National Engineering Research Center of Urban Water Resources Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200082, China
3
Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
ecological environment via heavy metal pollution. Besides the direct discharge of wastewater and solid waste, heavy metals can enter into rivers and lakes via
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