Application of meta-analysis in plant pathology: a case study examining the impact of fungicides on wheat yield loss fro
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Application of meta-analysis in plant pathology: a case study examining the impact of fungicides on wheat yield loss from the yellow spot—septoria nodorum blotch disease complex in Western Australia Kawsar P. Salam & Geoff J. Thomas & Ciara Beard & Robert Loughman & William J. MacLeod & Moin U. Salam
Received: 19 August 2011 / Accepted: 17 March 2013 / Published online: 23 April 2013 # The Author(s) 2013. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Abstract This work was done to demonstrate the opportunities provided by application of meta-analysis in plant pathology. It was a case study used to determine the effectiveness of foliar fungicides in minimising yield loss from a complex of yellow spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) and septoria nodorum blotch (Stagonospora nodorum, teleomorph: Phaeosphaeria nodorum) (YS-SNB disease complex) on wheat in the northern grain-belt of Western Australia. Fortyseven datasets of experimental results from 14 growing seasons, using 18 varieties sprayed one to three times, predominantly with tebuconazole or propiconazole fungicides, were analysed. Across the datasets, the wheat yield gain from fungicide application was 297 kg ha−1 with a 95 % confidence interval of 11.6 kg ha−1. Significant yield gains resulted from single or multiple applications of fungicides. Both propiconazole and tebuconazole, increased yield of wheat affected by the YS–SNB disease complex, with yield gain
from propiconazole being greater than that from tebuconazole. Yield response varied significantly among crop growing seasons. Meta-analysis was able to aggregate a large number of experimental results and answer important questions related to the variables that influenced those results; in this case the effectiveness of fungicides in minimising yield loss from the YS-SNB disease complex on wheat. It also identified areas where further research needs to be done. It is concluded that meta-analysis has the potential to contribute to similar analyses in other crop disease systems. Keywords Fungicide . Meta-analysis . Pyrenophora triticirepentis . Tan spot . Western Australia . Wheat . Yellow spot . Yield gain . Yield loss . Yield response . Stagonospora nodorum . Septoria nodorum blotch
Introduction K. P. Salam (*) : G. J. Thomas : R. Loughman : W. J. MacLeod : M. U. Salam Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Locked Bag 4, Bentley Delivery Centre, Perth, Western Australia 6983, Australia e-mail: [email protected] C. Beard Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, PO Box 110, Geraldton, WA 6530, Australia W. J. MacLeod School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
Wheat (Triticum spp.) is a cereal grain that has significant world-wide importance. Western Australia (WA) plays a vital role in producing wheat, contributing 42 % of the annual national production of about 14 million tonnes in 2007–08 (Anonymous 2010a). It is the dominant species in arable crop cultivation, com
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