The plant nutrition impact on the quality and quantity parameters of maize hybrids grain yield based on different statis
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The plant nutrition impact on the quality and quantity parameters of maize hybrids grain yield based on different statistical methods Árpád Illés1 · S. M. Nasir Mousavi1 · Csaba Bojtor1 · Janos Nagy1 Received: 3 June 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract In recent years, producers of agricultural products have increased the use of chemical fertilizers per unit area. The goal of this research was to analyze the interaction of genotype in treatment (NPK fertilizer) on grain yield, protein content, oil content, and the starch content on 13 maize hybrids using analysis by the model of additive and multiplier effects AMMI and to evaluate genotypes, treatments, and their interactions using biplot in Hungary. Treatments include NPK0 (N: 0 kg/ ha, P2O5:0 kg/ha, K2O: 0 kg/ha), NPK1 (N: 30 kg/ha, P 2O5: 23 kg/ha, K 2O: 27 kg/ha), NPK2 (N: 60 kg/ha, P 2O5: 46 kg/ha, K2O: 54 kg/ha), NPK3 (N: 90 kg/ha, P 2O5: 69 kg/ha, K 2O: 81 kg/ha), NPK4 (N: 120 kg/ha, P 2O5: 92 kg/ha, K 2O: 108 kg/ ha), NPK5 (N: 150 kg/ha, P 2O5: 115 kg/ha, K 2O: 135 kg/ha) in four replications based on complete randomized block design in 2019. The NPK fertilizer effects indicate that the fertilizers are different on yield genotype. AMMI analysis showed that there was a significant difference between genotypes, treatment, and the interaction effect of genotype * treatment at one percent. Besides, the maximum yield had Loupiac and NPK3 on grain yield, Loupiac and NPK2 on oil content, P0023, and NPK3 for starch content, DKC 3/ES4725 (DKC4725) and NPK3 for protein content. Also, GGE biplot analysis indicates that had maximum grain yield in Loupiac, protein content in P9978, oil content in MV Maronetta, and starch content in Sushi. Keywords NPK fertilizer · AMMI analysis · GGE biplot · Maize
Introduction There was a rapid increase in population in the world, the need to produce more agricultural products, including important and strategic products such as maize. Therefore, it seems that the best way to achieve this is to increase the production per unit area (Nagy 2006). Maize is one of the most important cereals in supplying energy to humans and livestock. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, this is the fifth product produced in the world (FAOSTAT 2018). Maize is widely cultivated in many countries for many reasons, such as adaptability to different climatic conditions, relative drought resistance, and high yield. Among cereals, maize has the highest variety of consumption, so that maize, in addition to being consumed as human food, * Árpád Illés [email protected] 1
Institute for Land Utilisation, Regional Development and Technology, The University of Debrecen Centre for Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Debrecen, Hungary
is used as a plant for livestock and used in industrial and processing industries (Hearn 2014). Maize is expected to become more important in the future, as it is considered to be a staple food in large countries and rich
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