Application of SHS in the Manufacture of (NiAl/Ni 3 Al)/TiB 2 Composite
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INTRODUCTION
ALLOYS based on NiAl phases are perceived as interesting materials for applications in the energy, manufacturing, automotive, and aerospace industries. This is related to their potentially high operating temperature, as they are characterized by high thermal stability, including good mechanical properties at high temperature, relatively low density, satisfactory corrosion resistance, and resistance to oxidation.[1–4] The high-temperature mechanical properties can be further improved when NiAl-based composites with evenly spaced, very hard ceramic particles are produced, e.g., TiB2, ZrB2, Al2O3, CeO2, ZrO2, or TiC.[5–12] It has been found that the reinforcing particles significantly improve the NiAl compressive strength at both room and high temperature (up to 1100 °C].[12,13] Such composites are also characterized by good resistance to erosive wear and corrosion, especially at high operating temperatures.[9,14–16] Borides, mainly ZrB2 and TiB2, are particularly suitable for this application, due to their inertness to NiAl.[17,18]
P. HYJEK and I. SULIMA are with the Pedagogical University of Cracow, Institute of Technology, Krako´w, Poland. Contact e-mail: [email protected] L. JAWORSKA is with the AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krako´w, Poland. Manuscript submitted September 20, 2018. Article published online June 3, 2019 3724—VOLUME 50A, AUGUST 2019
Intermetallic materials, although usually capable of offering satisfactory mechanical properties at high temperature, seem to be very brittle at room temperature. Reducing the grain size can solve to some extent this problem and extend the range of their practical use. Therefore, powder metallurgy is a technological alternative in the manufacture of NiAl alloys and composites based on the NiAl intermetallic matrix with a sufficiently high dispersion of the reinforcing phase.[19,20] This study focuses on the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) of composites based on the NiAl intermetallic matrix (IMCs). SHS is an effective and cheap method to produce various materials useful in the industry. Extensive studies conducted in this field underline numerous favorable aspects of this method when applied in the manufacture of materials, including energy savings and environmental protection. SHS has become an important technique for the synthesis and processing of composites, alloys, intermetallic compounds, nanomaterials, and advanced ceramics, both structural and functional.[21–25] Processes of combustion synthesis are characterized by high values of temperature, fast heating rates, and short reaction time. This makes SHS an attractive tool in the production of materials, due to the lower manufacturing cost compared to traditional processes. Other advantages of SHS include the use of relatively simple equipment, making high purity products in practically any size and shape, stabilization of metastable phases, fine grain sizes and strong bonds formed between substantially differen
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