Application of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Followed by Solid-Phase Extraction Followed by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Mi
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Application of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Followed by Solid-Phase Extraction Followed by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for the Determination of Chloramphenicol in Chicken Meat Mohammad Rezaee 1 & Faezeh Khalilian 2
Received: 4 September 2016 / Accepted: 28 September 2017 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017
Abstract In the present study, a simple and efficient preconcentration method was developed using ultrasoundassisted extraction followed by solid-phase extraction followed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the extraction and determination of trace amount of chloramphenicol in chicken meat. The sample was extracted with acetonitrile and EDTA-McIlvaine buffer under ultrasonication, followed by solid-phase extraction and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. In order to obtain high extraction efficiency, the parameters affecting the proposed method were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.3–200 μg kg−1 with good linearity (r2 > 0.995). Finally, applicability of the proposed method was successfully confirmed by extraction and determination of the chloramphenicol in chicken meat samples. Comparing to the traditional methods, the proposed method exhibits high sensitivity and high preconcentration as well as good precision.
Keywords Chloramphenicol . Chicken meat . Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction . Solid-phase extraction . Ultrasound-assisted extraction
* Mohammad Rezaee [email protected]
1
Materials and Nuclear Fuel Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Science, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Introduction Veterinary drugs are widely used in the animal husbandry to treat and prevent diseases. Despite obvious benefits, extensive use of these drugs can lead to residues in animal products such as meat. Consumption of animal products contaminated with veterinary drug residues can cause allergic reactions in sensitive humans, and can negatively affect the human immune system. The most serious concern about excessive use of veterinary drugs is the impact on the effectiveness of the human medicines as bacteria have started to become resistant to the most common antibiotics. The Commission of the European Union has laid down the procedure for establishing maximum residue limits (MRLs) of veterinary drugs in foodstuffs of animal origin (Commission Regulation (EEC) No. 675/92 of 18 March 1992). One such drug is chloramphenicol (CAP), an antibiotic produced from Streptomyces venezuelae. Although its clinical use is limited because of its toxic effects (Goodman et al. 1985), it is used in veterinary practice and animal nutrition due to its efficiency as antibiotic, easy availability, and low cost. The European Commission has established a minimum required performance limit (MRPL) for CAP of 0.3 μg kg−1 in meat, eggs, mil
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