Applied Turbulence Modelling in Marine Waters
This book gives an overview of statistical turbulence modelling with applications to oceanography and limnology. It discusses how these models can be derived from the Naiver-Stokes equations and how step by step simplications result in models applicable t
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Hans Burchard
Applied Turbulence Modelling in Marine Waters With 33 Figures and 15 Tables
Author Professor Hans Burchard Baltic Sea Research Institute Warnemuende Dept. for Physical Oceanography and Instrumentation Seestrasse 15 18119 Rostock-Warnemuende Germany
email: [email protected] web: http://www.io-warnemuende.de/homepages/burchard
For all Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences published till now please see final pages of the book
ISSN 0930-03 17 ISBN 3-540-43795-9 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Cataloging-in-Publication data applied for Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Burchard, Hans, 1959Applied turbulence modelling in marine waters1Hans Burchard. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 3-540-43795-9 (softcover: alk. paper) 1. Oceanic mixing--Mathematical models. 2. Turbulence--Mathematical models. 1. Title This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York a member of BertelsmannSpringer Science+Business Media GmbH O Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002 Printed in Germany
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Foreword
The simulation of turbulent mixing processes in marine waters is one of the most pressing tasks in oceanography. It is rendered difficult by the various complex phenomena occurring in these waters like strong stratification, external and internal waves, wind-generated turbulence, Langmuir circulation etc. The need for simulation methods is especially great in this area because the physical processes cannot be investigated in the laboratory. Traditionally, empirical bulk-type models were used in oceanography, which, however, cannot account for many of the complex physical phenomena occurring. In engineering, statistical turbulence models describing locally the turbulence mixing processes were introduced in the early seventies, such as the k-E model which is still one of the most widely used models in Computational Fluid Dynamics. Soon after, turbulence models were applied more and more also in the atmospheric sciences, and here the k-kL model of Mellor a
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