Applying Cognitive Linguistics to Second Language Learning and Teaching

Cognitive linguistics is a relatively new discipline which is rapidly becoming mainstream and influential, particularly in the area of second language teaching. This book looks at how cognitive linguistics can inform our teaching, and lead to intriguing s

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Also by Jeannette Littlemore ICT AND LANGUAGE LEARNING. INTEGRATING PEDAGOGY AND PRACTICE (edited with Angela Chambers and Jean Conacher, 2004) FIGURATIVE THINKING AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING (with Graham Low, 2006)

Applying Cognitive Linguistics to Second Language Learning and Teaching Jeannette Littlemore University of Birmingham, UK

© Jeannette Littlemore 2009 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2009 978-0-230-21948-9 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2009 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-30493-6 ISBN 978-0-230-24525-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230245259 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09

For Dan, Joe and Oscar, with love

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Contents

List of Tables and Figures

x

Acknowledgements

xii

1 Introduction 1.1 What is ‘cognitive linguistics’? 1.2 Key concepts in cognitive linguistics and their applications to second language learning and teaching 2 ‘I see less of the surroundings. The story feels different’: Construal and Second Language Learning 2.1 Introductory comments 2.2 Attention and salience 2.3 Perspective 2.4 Constitution 2.5 Categorization 2.6 Beyond transfer: other cognitive processes that influence the acquisition of L2 construal patterns 2.7 The role of explicit teaching in the learning of L2 construal patterns 2.8 Concluding comments 3 More on Categories: Words, Morphemes, ‘Grammar Rules’, Phonological Features and Intonat