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Modelling the Evolution of Natural Fracture Networks Methods for Simulating the Nucleation, Propagation and Interaction of Layer-Bound Fractures

Modelling the Evolution of Natural Fracture Networks

Michael John Welch · Mikael Lüthje · Simon John Oldfield

Modelling the Evolution of Natural Fracture Networks Methods for Simulating the Nucleation, Propagation and Interaction of Layer-Bound Fractures

Michael John Welch Danish Hydrocarbon Research and Technology Centre Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

Mikael Lüthje Danish Hydrocarbon Research and Technology Centre Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

Simon John Oldfield Danish Hydrocarbon Research and Technology Centre Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

ISBN 978-3-030-52413-5 ISBN 978-3-030-52414-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52414-2 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Preface

Natural fracture networks are important in controlling the mechanical behaviour and flow of fluids through geological formations. It is, therefore, essential to include fracture networks in the static geomodels that are used to model such behaviour, in applications ranging from tunnel excavation and mining to groundwater management, hydrocarbon exploration and production, geothermal energy extraction and CO2 sequestration. However, fractures cannot normally be mapped directly in the subsurface, as they are below the resolution of geophysical data, and boreholes provide only very limited data coverage. Traditional solutions to this problem in