Aptamer-Based Detection Methodology Studies in Food Safety
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Aptamer-Based Detection Methodology Studies in Food Safety Shang-Hong Song 1 & Zhi-Fei Gao 1 & Xin Guo 1 & Guan-Hua Chen 1 Received: 20 September 2018 / Accepted: 7 January 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Oligonucleotide aptamers as a new type of molecular recognition element, compared with conventional antibodies, have not only high affinity and specificity to target molecules but also many advantages such as a wide range of target molecule recognition, synthesis in vitro, and chemical stability. With deep concerns of human beings about food safety issues, various aptamer-based methods for detecting harmful substances in foods have been extensively studied in recent years, including fluorescent, colorimetric, electrochemical, photoelectrochemical, electrochemiluminescent methods, etc. They have the methodology characteristics such as on-site detection, rapidness and high sensitivity. The hazardous substances that were detected mainly involved pesticide and veterinary drug residues, pathogenic organisms, biotoxins, allergens and organic pollutants. The methodology studies on the applications of aptamers in the detection of harmful substances in foods are comprehensively reviewed. Keywords Aptamer . Detection . Food safety . Aptasensor
Introduction In the whole industry chain of food, the hazardous factors for human health can be introduced from various ways including production, processing, storage, and circulation of agricultural and animal husbandry raw materials. These hazardous factors include all kinds of chemical and microbial sources, such as pesticide and veterinary drug residues, pathogenic organisms, biotoxins, and organic pollutants. Some of the hazardous factors are produced from food itself, such as allergens, which is harmful to their sensitive populations. With more attention to food safety, many countries around the world have enacted more and more rigorous regulations for the control of hazardous substances in foods. Therefore, it is urgent to develop highly sensitive detection methods for the hazards in food. The analytical instrument-based detection methods and the antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) have widely been applied to detect pesticide and veterinary drug residues, biotoxins, organic pollutants, and allergens. The detection methods of pathogens are mainly culture methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. However, most detection methods are timeconsuming and offsite, and require professional operations, * Guan-Hua Chen [email protected] 1
College of Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
which is a great challenge for the real-time and onsite testing of samples. PCR-based methods have high sensitivity and can detect multiple samples at a time. However, these methods often produce a high percentage of false positives. The conventional ELISA has the advantage of simplicity, speed, and high reproducibility, but it is limited by the stability and production efficiency of
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