Aquaculture waste as food for amphipods: the case of Gammarus insensibilis in marsh ponds from southern Spain
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Aquaculture waste as food for amphipods: the case of Gammarus insensibilis in marsh ponds from southern Spain P. Jiménez-Prada 1,2
2
& I. Hachero-Cruzado & J. M. Guerra-García
1
Received: 24 March 2020 / Accepted: 13 October 2020/ # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract
Amphipods are emerging as an alternative food resource for fishes and cephalopods in aquaculture. Gammarus insensibilis (Stock, 1996), one of the dominant amphipods inhabiting marsh ponds in southern Spain, has been recently proposed as a promising candidate for being intensively cultured due to its adequate nutritional profile, large body size, and high natural densities. The main aim of this study was to determine whether waste products of aquaculture (such as detritus in the form of fish feces or Ulva sp.) provided an adequate diet for the amphipod in comparison to other traditional diets, such as Artemia nauplii or phytoplankton. G. insensibilis was cultured twice in tanks with 5 treatments: 4 experimental diets (detritus, Ulva sp., Artemia nauplii, and phytoplankton) were used, and one no-feed treatment. Amphipods fed with the two alternative diets, detritus and Ulva, showed promising survival higher than 40% and high concentrations of palmitic acid (16:0), oleic acid (18:1n9), arachidonic acid (20:4n6) (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n3) (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3) (DHA). Therefore, large-scale culture of this amphipod using inexpensive diets in indoor facilities could provide a nutritious product for aquaculture. The potential development of a sustainable culture using this species in marsh ponds is also discussed in the context of Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA). Keywords Aquaculture . Fatty acid . Gammarus insensibilis . Lipid classes . Nutrition
* P. Jiménez-Prada [email protected]
1
Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
2
IFAPA — El Toruño, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, El Puerto de Santa María, Spain
Aquaculture International
Introduction Fish are an important protein source; 17% of animal protein consumed worldwide is provided by fish, and this number reaches 50% in Occidental Africa and East Asia (FAO 2018). Indeed, fish oil and fishmeal are, so far, the only economically viable resource of n-3 HUFA for producing formulated diets. Therefore, expanding aquaculture demands high-quality, sustainable nutrient sources for utilization as dietary ingredients (Alberts-Hubatsch et al. 2019). In fact, the search for alternative products, together with the progression of Integrative MultiTrophic Aquaculture (IMTA), is currently being highly prioritized in EU strategies, and, consequently, there is an urgent need to investigate the potential of novel aquatic organisms as feed in aquaculture (Guerra-García et al. 2016). Amphipods are among the most diverse group of crustaceans as regards their lifestyles, trophic types, habitats, and sizes (De Broyer and Jazdzewski 1996). Amphipods inhabit a variety of
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