Integration of water hyacinth plants into waste stabilization ponds: a case study of Donnybrook 4 Sewage Ponds in Mabvuk
- PDF / 722,138 Bytes
- 12 Pages / 547.087 x 737.008 pts Page_size
- 10 Downloads / 194 Views
Integration of water hyacinth plants into waste stabilization ponds: a case study of Donnybrook 4 Sewage Ponds in Mabvuku-Tafara, Harare, Zimbabwe Zvikomborero Hoko & Tariro N. Toto
Received: 3 March 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Donnybrook Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSP) are overloaded and water hyacinth plants have infested the ponds. The study assessed the feasibility of integrating the problematic water hyacinth plants into the current treatment process. Grab samples of influent and effluent for each pond were collected between 28 March and 23 April 2019 and the analysis was done following standard APHA methods. Parameters considered include pH, turbidity, TDS, TSS, TN, TP, BOD, and COD. The raw sewage mean pH, turbidity, TDS, TSS, TN, TP, BOD, and COD were 8.08, 580 NTU, 1639 mg/L, 1294 mg/L, 78 mg/L, 8.16 mg/L, 287 mg/L, and 887 mg/L. The mean pH, turbidity, TDS, TSS, TN, TP, BOD, and COD in the effluent from the existing maturation pond, control pilot pond, and water hyacinth pilot pond were 7.7, 7.7, and 7.3; 75, 67, and 47 NTU; 861, 758, and 668 mg/L; 276, 172, and 82 mg/L; 27, 28, and 17 mg/L; 4, 5.28, and 4 mg/L; 114, 52, and 30 mg/ L; and 243, 122, and 81 mg/L. It was concluded that the water hyacinth may be integrated into the WSP system to enhance contaminant removal. The water hyacinth in the ponds should be harvested periodically to avoid secondary organic and nutrient loading from dead plants. Z. Hoko : T. N. Toto (*) Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe e-mail: [email protected]
Z. Hoko e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Donnybrook 4 Sewage Ponds . Pilot pond . Wastewater . Waste stabilization ponds . Water hyacinth
Introduction Untreated and partially treated municipal wastewater is frequently disposed into aquatic environments (Kamna 2013). Municipal wastewater treatment plant functionality and design are becoming more critical as effluent disposal standards are becoming more stringent. Effluent from wastewater treatment plants of high organic loads, nutrients, and toxins exerts negative impacts on aquatic environment (Makaya et al. 2014). For instance, biological decomposition of carbonaceous substances from municipal wastewater exerts an oxygen demand thus depleting dissolved oxygen in natural water bodies. Conventional methods that have been applied for domestic wastewater treatment such as activated sludge systems are expensive to operate (Valipour et al. 2015). Furthermore, in developing countries, conventional methods are rarely geared to produce effluent suitable for disposal into natural watercourses or for reuse in activities such as irrigation (Nhapi and Hoko 2004). In warm climates, Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSPs) which are low energy consuming with minimal operation input are the most well-established method of municipal wastewater treatment (Bansah and Suglo 2016). WSP are highly effective if the algae population can be reduced prior to discharge of the efflu
Data Loading...
