Aquaporin 3 Expression in Endometrioid Carcinoma of the Uterine Body Correlated With Early Stage and Lower Grade
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Aquaporin 3 Expression in Endometrioid Carcinoma of the Uterine Body Correlated With Early Stage and Lower Grade Takanori Watanabe 1 & Kimiya Sato 1 & Takako Kono 1 & Yoji Yamagishi 1 & Fumihisa Kumazawa 1 & Morikazu Miyamoto 2 & Masashi Takano 2 & Hitoshi Tsuda 1 Received: 23 July 2019 / Accepted: 23 April 2020 # Arányi Lajos Foundation 2020
Abstract Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of transmembrane water channel proteins distributed in various human tissues. Recent studies revealed that AQPs play important roles in cancer biology. Few studies have documented the relationship between the prognosis, stage, and histological grade of uterine endometrioid carcinoma, with AQP expression. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate this relationship between uterine endometrioid carcinoma and AQP expression. We retrospectively reviewed records of the patients who underwent surgery for uterine body cancer between 1990 and 2010 at the National Defense Medical College Hospital, Saitama, Japan. In 241 cases of endometrioid carcinoma, we immunohistochemically examined the expression of AQP 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, and their relationship with clinicopathological parameters and the patients’ prognosis. We investigated the relationship between the clinicopathological parameters and AQP3 expression, and found that as the FIGO stage and histological grade progressed, the percentage of AQP3 expression tends to decrease. Furthermore, we analyzed progression-free survival/ overall survival (PFS/OS) using the log-rank test, and found that the AQP3-positive group had a better prognosis than AQP3negative group (PFS: P < 0.001, OS: P = 0.002, respectively). Using Cox’s univariate proportional hazard model, we revealed that AQP3 had a low hazard ratio. However, according to Cox’s multivariate proportional hazard model, AQP3 was not an independent prognostic factor. Among the endometrioid carcinoma patients, the AQP3-positive group was associated with early stage and lower grade compared to the AQP3-negative group. Therefore, AQP3 has the potential to serve as a predictor of prognosis, although further investigation is necessary to elucidate the biological mechanism of AQP3 in endometrioid carcinoma. Keywords Aquaporin . water channel . uterus . endometrioid carcinoma . immunohistochemistry
Introduction In 2013, Japan reported 2107 deaths due to uterine cancer, and it was estimated that 13004 Japanese might have uterine body cancer. The morbidity rate per 100,000 was determined to be 19.9 for the total age, and 51.2 for women in the age range of 55–59 years [1]. Hence, uterine body cancer is a common disease among 50-year old women.
* Kimiya Sato [email protected] 1
Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
2
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channel proteins, and 13 members (AQP0-12) have been identified in mammals [2]. They are subdivided into aquaporins and aquag
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