Aqueous extract of Whitmania pigra Whitman ameliorates ferric chloride-induced venous thrombosis in rats via antioxidati
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Aqueous extract of Whitmania pigra Whitman ameliorates ferric chloride-induced venous thrombosis in rats via antioxidation Peng Li1 · Bingqing Lin2 · Ping Tang1 · Yuxin Ye1 · Zhongrui Wu1 · Shuhua Gui1 · Yaxian Zhan1 · Wei Yang3 · Baoqin Lin1 Accepted: 9 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Whitmania pigra Whitman (W. pigra) has been widely employed in decoction for the treatment of blood stasis syndrome for many years in China. The aim of the present study was to explore the anti-venous thrombosis (VT) mechanism of the aqueous extract of W. pigra (AEW) in rats. Rats were orally administered with AEW. A inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis model was established. Thrombosed IVC was weighed and histopathological analyses were performed. Blood coagulation, blood fibrinolysis, blood cell count, blood viscosity and platelet activity were evaluated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was analyzed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in thrombosed IVC and antioxidants in serum were detected. Protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in thrombosed IVC was determined. AEW significantly reduced thrombus weight. It did not affect blood coagulation, blood fibrinolysis, blood cell count, platelet activity, or whole blood viscosity. However, AEW remarkably alleviated vascular injury, reduced ROS accumulation and MDA content, enhanced the total antioxidant capacity and the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. It increased the glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio and the protein expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1. In summary, W. pigra may prevent VT via Nrf2-mediated antioxidation. Keywords Venous thrombosis · Whitmania pigra Whitman · Oxidative stress · Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
Highlights • W. pigra has been widely employed in decoction for the
treatment of blood stasis syndrome for many years in China. • It’s necessary to explore the anti-venous thrombosis (VT) mechanism of the aqueous extract of W. pigra (AEW).
Peng Li and Bingqing Lin contributed equally to this work. * Baoqin Lin [email protected] 1
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
2
College of Mathematics and Statistics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
3
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Non-clinical Evaluation and Research, Guangdong Lewwin Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510990, China
• AEW did not affect blood coagulation, blood fibrinolysis,
blood cell count, platelet activity, or whole blood viscosity. • W. pigra may prevent VT via Nrf2-mediated antioxidation.
Introduction Venous thrombosis (VT) refers to the formation of a blood clot in the vein. When the thrombus detaches and travels to the lung, it occludes pulmonary circulation and causes fatal pulmonary embolism [1]. According to the Virchow’s triad, endothelial dysfunction, blood hypercoagulabil
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