Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function
In the years since the first edition of “Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function” was published, an exceptional proliferation of interest in mycorrhizal biology has developed. This has been associated with advances in different research discipline
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Hinanit Koltai • Yoram Kapulnik Editors
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function
Editors Hinanit Koltai Department of Ornamental Horticulture Agricultural Research Organization, ARO Volcani Center 50250 Bet Dagan Israel [email protected]
Yoram Kapulnik Department Agronomy & Natural Resources Agricultural Research Organization, ARO Volcani Center 50250 Bet Dagan Israel [email protected]
ISBN 978-90-481-9488-9 e-ISBN 978-90-481-9489-6 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-9489-6 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010932598 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
In the years since the first edition of “Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function” was published, an exceptional proliferation of interest in mycorrhizal biology has developed. This has been associated with advances in different research disciplines such as genetics, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and physiology, advances which have generated better insight into topics of mycorrhizal biology, including the mechanisms of host-mycorrhiza interactions pre- and post-penetration, the influence of the symbiosis on the host and its surroundings, and the evolution and diversity of mycorrhization. It therefore became necessary to both update and expand the book’s coverage in this, its second edition. In the second edition of this book, we wanted to retain the unique angle of our original goal of bringing the reader a state-of-the-art multidisciplinary view of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) – plant interactions, beginning with pre-penetration stages, through colonization, symbiotic function, influence of the symbiosis on the host and its surroundings, and ending with evolution and diversity of mycorrhization. To this aim, we have recruited leading scientists in their fields to provide a thorough and detailed review of the current status of scientific knowledge on mycorrhizal biology. The subject of host–fungal interactions during the pre-penetration stage of AM is discussed in the first four chapters of the book. The first chapter, a review by Manuela Giovannetti, Luciano Avio and Cristiana Sbrana, presents the physiological and genetic aspects of AM fungal spore germination and pre-symbiotic mycelial growth. This chapter focuses on new insights into the main fungal developmental switches in the absence of the host; it promotes resolution of an interesting enigma: despite a putative strong selective disadvantage, how do these obligate symbionts compensate for the lack of host-regul
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