Arsenic adsorbent derived from the ferromanganese slag
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Arsenic adsorbent derived from the ferromanganese slag Nishant Jain 1 & Abhijit Maiti 1 Received: 1 July 2020 / Accepted: 6 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Arsenic-contaminated groundwater has a severe negative impact on the health of living beings. Groundwater majorly contains arsenite (As(III)) as well as arsenate (As(V)). Among these two, the arsenite species are more carcinogenic, mobile, and lethal. Hence, it is more difficult to remove by conventional water treatment methods. Ferromanganese slag, waste generated from steel industries, has been utilized in this study for the development of arsenic adsorbent. A chemical treatment method is applied to the ferromanganese slag to prepare efficient arsenic adsorbent, and it is easy to scale up. An adsorbent with the capacity for simultaneous oxidation of As(III) and adsorption of total arsenic species can be efficient for arsenic decontamination. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge spectra techniques prove the As(III) oxidation capability of the developed material is about 70 ± 5% based on initial As(III) concentration. The adsorbent not only oxidizes the As(III) species but also adsorbs both the arsenic species. The Langmuir isotherm model estimates the maximum adsorption capacities at the equilibrium concentration of 10 μg/L are 1.010 ± 0.004 mg/g and 1.614 ± 0.006 mg/g for As(III) and As(V), respectively. The rate of adsorption of As(III) was higher compared to the As(V), which was confirmed by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Therefore, the treated water quality meets the World Health Organization and Indian drinking water standards. Keywords Arsenite oxidation . Adsorption . Value-added product . Metallurgical waste
Introduction The scarcity of safe drinking water is a common problem for many countries. Less than 1% of the total water on earth is freshwater available for the drinking purpose, either directly or after treatment using available techniques (Schouwenaars et al. 2017). Contaminants in natural water-resources vary by regions and countries, but some are common and more toxic (Gimeno et al. 2016). There is a vast list of contaminants present in groundwater throughout the World, among which the arsenic poses the acute toxicity at its long exposure (Maiti et al. 2010a; Fischel et al. 2015b). Among the various arsenic species in water, inorganic forms of arsenic species are more carcinogenic (Maiti et al. 2012; Penke et al. 2017). Natural groundwater sources are majorly contaminated by the arsenite
Responsible Editor: Ioannis A. Katsoyiannis * Abhijit Maiti [email protected] 1
Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh 247001, India
(As(III)) as well as arsenate (As(V)) (Maiti et al. 2012). Since arsenite shows easy mobility through natural water bodies because it holds a neutral charge, hence, it is almost ten times more toxic than arsenate anion (
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