Arsenic and Fluoride Contamination A Pakistan Perspective
This book presents an up-to-the-minute overview of arsenic and fluoride pollution of soil and groundwater in Pakistan. It includes the author’s doctoral dissertation on Lahore as a case study and describes the mechanism of pollution on the basis of the fi
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Arsenic and Fluoride Contamination A Pakistan Perspective
Arsenic and Fluoride Contamination
Abida Farooqi
Arsenic and Fluoride Contamination A Pakistan Perspective
123
Abida Farooqi Department of Environmental Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
ISBN 978-81-322-2297-2 DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-2298-9
ISBN 978-81-322-2298-9
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015931244 Springer New Delhi Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer India 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd. is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Groundwater is used for drinking water, irrigation lands, or general industrial processes. The quality of groundwater determines if it is suitable for consumption. At present (2014), arsenic and fluoride contamination of groundwater resources has been identified in many parts of the world, although recognition of the widespread nature of the problem has been advanced only relatively recently. Despite localized inputs of As from human activities, much of the contamination of groundwater with As is shown to arise from geogenic sources and affected groundwater has been found in countries on nearly every continent or major land mass. To date, little is known about arsenic and fluoride and its health effects in Pakistan. Arsenic and fluoride Pollution: A Pakistan Perspective aims to provide a comprehensive background for students and researchers interested in simultaneous presence of arsenic and fluoride in groundwater, its consequences on human health, and to find the protection and sustainable management of the groundwater for the future use. This book gives an overview of the arsenic and fluoride contamination of groundwater in Pakistan and focuses on a case study from Lahore, Punjab, distribution of arsenic and fluoride, its mechanism, possible contaminant sources, and health risk assessment. Chapter 1 of the book is devoted to genera
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