Arsenic-contaminated groundwater and its potential health risk: A case study in Long An and Tien Giang provinces of the
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GREEN TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER
Arsenic-contaminated groundwater and its potential health risk: A case study in Long An and Tien Giang provinces of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam Van-Truc Nguyen 1 & Thi-Dieu-Hien Vo 2 & Thanh-Dai Tran 3 & Thi-Nhu-Khanh Nguyen 4 & Thanh-Binh Nguyen 5 & Bao-Trong Dang 6 & Xuan-Thanh Bui 4,7 Received: 1 April 2020 / Accepted: 13 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The occurrence of arsenic (As) in groundwater (drilled well water) that were used for drinking, cooking, and personal hygiene and its risks to human health in Long An and Tien Giang provinces (Mekong delta, Vietnam) were evaluated in this study. The average As concentrations were 15.92 ± 11.4 μg/L (n = 24, Long An) and 4.95 ± 4.7 μg/L (n = 24, Tien Giang). The average concentrations of As in Long An had not reached the WHO and QCVN 01: 2009/BYT healthy drinking water standard (10 μg/L). When used as a source of water for drinking and daily activities, arsenic-contaminated groundwater may have a direct impact on human health. The risk assessment from groundwater established by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) was conducted. The risk assessment showed that the average cancer risk (CR) values were 8.68 × 10−4 (adults) and 2.39 × 10−3 (children) for Long An, and 2.70 × 10−4 (adults) and 7.43 × 10−4 (children) for Tien Giang. These results were significantly higher than the CR (1 × 10−4) proposed by the USEPA. The adverse health effect was therefore specifically warned by the use of arsenic-contaminated groundwater. This research offers valuable knowledge for efficient water management approaches to guarantee local communities’ health protection. Keywords Drinking water . Heavy metal contamination . Non-carcinogenic risk . Carcinogenic risk . Water management strategy
Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10837-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Thi-Dieu-Hien Vo [email protected]
3
Faculty of Applied Sciences–Health, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa, Dong Nai, Vietnam
* Xuan-Thanh Bui [email protected]
4
Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
5
Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
6
Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology – HUTECH, 475 A Dien Bien Phu, Binh Thanh district, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
7
Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung ward, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
Van-Truc Nguyen [email protected] Thanh-Binh Nguyen [email protected] 1
Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
2
Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho C
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